python matplotlib实现将图例放在图外

关于matplotlib如何设置图例的位置?如何将图例放在图外?以及如何在一幅图有多个子图的情况下,删除重复的图例?我用一个简单的例子说明一下。

import pandas as pd

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig = plt.figure(1)

ax1 = fig.add_subplot(2,2,1)

ax2 = fig.add_subplot(2,2,2)

ax3 = fig.add_subplot(2,2,3)

ax4 = fig.add_subplot(2,2,4)

df1 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(3,5),columns = ['one','two','three','four','five'])

df2 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(3,5),columns = ['one','two','three','four','five'])

df3 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(3,5),columns = ['one','two','three','four','five'])

df4 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(3,5),columns = ['one','two','three','four','five'])

df1.plot(ax = ax1, title = "df1", grid = 'on')

df2.plot(ax = ax2, title = "df1", grid = 'on')

df3.plot(ax = ax3, title = "df1", grid = 'on')

df4.plot(ax = ax4, title = "df1", grid = 'on')

plt.show()

运行结果如下

可以看出,随机生成了几个dataframe,在一个figure()中生成了四个子图,每个子图的图例都是dataframe.columns里的值,那么如何移除这些图例?

import pandas as pd

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig = plt.figure(1)

ax1 = fig.add_subplot(2,2,1)

ax2 = fig.add_subplot(2,2,2)

ax3 = fig.add_subplot(2,2,3)

ax4 = fig.add_subplot(2,2,4)

df1 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(3,5),columns = ['one','two','three','four','five'])

df2 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(3,5),columns = ['one','two','three','four','five'])

df3 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(3,5),columns = ['one','two','three','four','five'])

df4 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(3,5),columns = ['one','two','three','four','five'])

df1.plot(ax = ax1, title = "df1", grid = 'on')

df2.plot(ax = ax2, title = "df1", grid = 'on')

df3.plot(ax = ax3, title = "df1", grid = 'on')

df4.plot(ax = ax4, title = "df1", grid = 'on')

ax1.legend_.remove() ##移除子图ax1中的图例

ax2.legend_.remove() ##移除子图ax2中的图例

ax3.legend_.remove() ##移除子图ax3中的图例

plt.show()

可以看出ax1,ax2,ax3中的图例都被移除了,但是上图还不是很美观?有没有什么办法将图例放到图外面呢?请看:

import pandas as pd

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig = plt.figure(1)

ax1 = fig.add_subplot(2,2,1)

ax2 = fig.add_subplot(2,2,2)

ax3 = fig.add_subplot(2,2,3)

ax4 = fig.add_subplot(2,2,4)

df1 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(3,5),columns = ['one','two','three','four','five'])

df2 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(3,5),columns = ['one','two','three','four','five'])

df3 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(3,5),columns = ['one','two','three','four','five'])

df4 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(3,5),columns = ['one','two','three','four','five'])

df1.plot(ax = ax1, title = "df1", grid = 'on')

df2.plot(ax = ax2, title = "df1", grid = 'on')

df3.plot(ax = ax3, title = "df1", grid = 'on')

df4.plot(ax = ax4, title = "df1", grid = 'on')

ax1.legend_.remove()

ax2.legend_.remove()

ax3.legend_.remove()

ax4.legend(loc=2, bbox_to_anchor=(1.05,1.0),borderaxespad = 0.) ##设置ax4中legend的位置,将其放在图外

plt.show()

其中参数loc用于设置legend的位置

bbox_to_anchor用于在bbox_transform坐标(默认轴坐标)中为图例指定任意位置。

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