Linux磁盘扩容（具体实例）
# 关闭虚拟机实例，在虚拟机设置里增加磁盘容量
# 具体方法，接着往下
Xshell for Xmanager Enterprise 5 (Build 0544)
Copyright (c) 2002-2015 NetSarang Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.
Type `help" to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
[c:~]$
Connecting to 192.168.234.101:22...
Connection established.
To escape to local shell, press "Ctrl+Alt+]".
Last login: Thu Nov 21 14:18:06 2019 from 192.168.234.10
# 列出所有分区信息
[root@oralinux66 ~]# fdisk -l
# 这部分可以看做是一块物理磁盘
Disk /dev/sda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7832 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00003748
# 表示该物理磁盘的分区，两个分区，不言而喻
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 4178 33041408 8e Linux LVM
# 下面两部分的物理介质实质上都是上述的物理磁盘
# 这部分可以看做是当前系统占用了上述物理磁盘的主要部分（文件存储）
# 扩容，扩的就是文件存储的主要部分
# 所以Linux下的扩容，分为：1.增加物理磁盘；2.新建分区；3.格式化分区；4.将分区加入虚拟卷组；5.将分区加到文件存储的主要部分；6.刷新文件存储的主要部分
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_oralinux66-lv_root: 30.4 GB, 30396121088 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3695 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
# 这部分可以看做是当前系统占用了上述物理磁盘的部分（交换空间）
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_oralinux66-lv_swap: 3435 MB, 3435134976 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 417 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
[root@oralinux66 ~]# fdisk /dev/
Display all 207 possibilities? (y or n)
# 操作该物理磁盘
[root@oralinux66 ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It"s spanly recommended to
switch off the mode (command "c") and change display units to
sectors (command "u").
# 显示该物理磁盘分区情况
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7832 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00003748
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 4178 33041408 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition"s system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
# 显然，n-添加一个分区
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
# 创建主分区
p
# 上述有两个分区了，选择3，表示创建第三分区
Partition number (1-4): 3
First cylinder (4178-7832, default 4178):
Using default value 4178
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (4178-7832, default 7832):
Using default value 7832
# 写表并退出
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@oralinux66 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7832 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00003748
# 多了分区3
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 4178 33041408 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 4178 7832 29356108 83 Linux
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_oralinux66-lv_root: 30.4 GB, 30396121088 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3695 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_oralinux66-lv_swap: 3435 MB, 3435134976 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 417 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
# 重启虚拟器实例
# 重启虚拟器实例
# 重启虚拟器实例
[root@oralinux66 ~]#
Connection closed by foreign host.
Disconnected from remote host(U_oracle) at 16:51:03.
Type `help" to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
[c:~]$
Connecting to 192.168.234.101:22...
Connection established.
To escape to local shell, press "Ctrl+Alt+]".
Last login: Thu Nov 21 16:43:01 2019 from 192.168.234.10
[root@oralinux66 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7832 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00003748
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 4178 33041408 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 4178 7832 29356108 83 Linux
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_oralinux66-lv_root: 30.4 GB, 30396121088 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3695 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_oralinux66-lv_swap: 3435 MB, 3435134976 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 417 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
[root@oralinux66 ~]# df -T /dev/sda3
Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
- - 1009616 200 1009416 1% /dev
[root@oralinux66 ~]# df -T /dev/sda2
Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
- - 1009616 200 1009416 1% /dev
[root@oralinux66 ~]# mkfs
mkfs mkfs.cramfs mkfs.ext2 mkfs.ext3 mkfs.ext4 mkfs.ext4dev mkfs.msdos mkfs.vfat
[root@oralinux66 ~]# mkfs -t mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda3
mkfs.mkfs.ext4: No such file or directory
# 选择格式化分区3，使用ext4格式
[root@oralinux66 ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda3
mke2fs 1.43-WIP (20-Jun-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
1835008 inodes, 7339027 blocks
366951 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
224 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@oralinux66 ~]#
[root@oralinux66 ~]#
[root@oralinux66 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created
[root@oralinux66 ~]# lvm
# 用于将物理硬盘分区初始化为物理卷，以便LVM使用
lvm> pvcreate /dev/sda3
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created
# 获取VG Name
lvm> pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name vg_oralinux66
PV Size 31.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 8066
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 8066
PV UUID bjNDod-d1vx-7xdi-iamU-CnSH-IbnJ-KKeqnE
"/dev/sda3" is a new physical volume of "28.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda3
VG Name
PV Size 28.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID lr9eYq-b1Ko-9PD3-g0eb-WM9K-xduy-HCDRDf
lvm> ^C
[root@oralinux66 ~]# lvm
# 用于动态扩展LVM卷组，它通过向卷组中添加物理卷来增加卷组的容量
lvm> vgextend vg_oralinux66 /dev/sda3
Volume group "vg_oralinux66" successfully extended
lvm> ^Z
[1]+ Stopped lvm
[root@oralinux66 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7832 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00003748
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 4178 33041408 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 4178 7832 29356108 83 Linux
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_oralinux66-lv_root: 30.4 GB, 30396121088 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3695 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_oralinux66-lv_swap: 3435 MB, 3435134976 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 417 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
[root@oralinux66 ~]# lvm
lvm> lvextend -L +28G /dev/mapper/vg_oralinux66-lv_root
Insufficient free space: 7168 extents needed, but only 7166 available
# 容量加入到文件存储部分，真正实现扩容
lvm> lvextend -L +27G /dev/mapper/vg_oralinux66-lv_root
Size of logical volume vg_oralinux66/lv_root changed from 28.31 GiB (7247 extents) to 55.31 GiB (14159 extents).
Logical volume lv_root successfully resized
lvm> resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg_oralinux66-lv_root
No such command "resize2fs". Try "help".
lvm> ^Z
[2]+ Stopped lvm
# 重新加载逻辑卷的大小才能生效
[root@oralinux66 ~]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg_oralinux66-lv_root
resize2fs 1.43-WIP (20-Jun-2013)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/vg_oralinux66-lv_root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 4
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/vg_oralinux66-lv_root is now 14498816 blocks long.
[root@oralinux66 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_oralinux66-lv_root
55G 27G 26G 51% /
tmpfs 998M 247M 752M 25% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 477M 65M 384M 15% /boot
[root@oralinux66 ~]#
以上是 Linux磁盘扩容（具体实例） 的全部内容， 来源链接： utcz.com/z/511011.html
