在python环境下运用kafka对数据进行实时传输的方法

Z时代
2024-01-10
分类：综合

背景：

为了满足各个平台间数据的传输，以及能确保历史性和实时性。先选用kafka作为不同平台数据传输的中转站，来满足我们对跨平台数据发送与接收的需要。

kafka简介：

Kafka is a distributed,partitioned,replicated commit logservice。它提供了类似于JMS的特性，但是在设计实现上完全不同，此外它并不是JMS规范的实现。kafka对消息保存时根据Topic进行归类，发送消息者成为Producer,消息接受者成为Consumer,此外kafka集群有多个kafka实例组成，每个实例(server)成为broker。无论是kafka集群，还是producer和consumer都依赖于zookeeper来保证系统可用性集群保存一些meta信息。

总之：kafka做为中转站有以下功能：

1.生产者（产生数据或者说是从外部接收数据）

2.消费着（将接收到的数据转花为自己所需用的格式）

环境：

1.python3.5.x

2.kafka1.4.3

3.pandas

准备开始：

1.kafka的安装

pip install kafka-python

2.检验kafka是否安装成功

3.pandas的安装

pip install pandas

4.kafka数据的传输

直接撸代码：


# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
'''
@author: 真梦行路
@file: kafka.py
@time: 2018/9/3 10:20
'''
import sys
import json
import pandas as pd
import os
from kafka import KafkaProducer
from kafka import KafkaConsumer
from kafka.errors import KafkaError
KAFAKA_HOST = "xxx.xxx.x.xxx" #服务器端口地址
KAFAKA_PORT = 9092    #端口号
KAFAKA_TOPIC = "topic0"  #topic
data=pd.read_csv(os.getcwd()+'\\data\\1.csv')
key_value=data.to_json()
class Kafka_producer():
 '''
 生产模块：根据不同的key，区分消息
 '''
 def __init__(self, kafkahost, kafkaport, kafkatopic, key):
  self.kafkaHost = kafkahost
  self.kafkaPort = kafkaport
  self.kafkatopic = kafkatopic
  self.key = key
  self.producer = KafkaProducer(bootstrap_servers='{kafka_host}:{kafka_port}'.format(
   kafka_host=self.kafkaHost,
   kafka_port=self.kafkaPort)
  )
 def sendjsondata(self, params):
  try:
   parmas_message = params  #注意dumps
   producer = self.producer
   producer.send(self.kafkatopic, key=self.key, value=parmas_message.encode('utf-8'))
   producer.flush()
  except KafkaError as e:
   print(e)
class Kafka_consumer():
 def __init__(self, kafkahost, kafkaport, kafkatopic, groupid,key):
  self.kafkaHost = kafkahost
  self.kafkaPort = kafkaport
  self.kafkatopic = kafkatopic
  self.groupid = groupid
  self.key = key
  self.consumer = KafkaConsumer(self.kafkatopic, group_id=self.groupid,
          bootstrap_servers='{kafka_host}:{kafka_port}'.format(
           kafka_host=self.kafkaHost,
           kafka_port=self.kafkaPort)
          )
 def consume_data(self):
  try:
   for message in self.consumer:
    yield message
  except KeyboardInterrupt as e:
   print(e)
def sortedDictValues(adict):
 items = adict.items()
 items=sorted(items,reverse=False)
 return [value for key, value in items]
def main(xtype, group, key):
 '''
 测试consumer和producer
 '''
 if xtype == "p":
  # 生产模块
  producer = Kafka_producer(KAFAKA_HOST, KAFAKA_PORT, KAFAKA_TOPIC, key)
  print("===========> producer:", producer)
  params =key_value
  producer.sendjsondata(params)
 if xtype == 'c':
  # 消费模块
  consumer = Kafka_consumer(KAFAKA_HOST, KAFAKA_PORT, KAFAKA_TOPIC, group,key)
  print("===========> consumer:", consumer)
  message = consumer.consume_data()
  for msg in message:
   msg=msg.value.decode('utf-8')
   python_data=json.loads(msg) ##这是一个字典
   key_list=list(python_data)
   test_data=pd.DataFrame()
   for index in key_list:
    print(index)
    if index=='Month':
     a1=python_data[index]
     data1 = sortedDictValues(a1)
     test_data[index]=data1
    else:
     a2 = python_data[index]
     data2 = sortedDictValues(a2)
     test_data[index] = data2
     print(test_data)
   # print('value---------------->', python_data)
   # print('msg---------------->', msg)
   # print('key---------------->', msg.kry)
   # print('offset---------------->', msg.offset)
if __name__ == '__main__':
 main(xtype='p',group='py_test',key=None)
 main(xtype='c',group='py_test',key=None)