Android入门:广播发送者与广播接收者详细介绍

一、广播发送者&广播接收者介绍

1.广播接收者

广播接收者简单地说就是接收广播意图的Java类,此Java类继承BroadcastReceiver类,重写:

public void onReceive(Context context,Intent intent),其中intent可以获得传递的数据;

广播意图就是通过Context.sendBroadcast(Intent intent)或Context.sendOrderedBroadcast(Intent intent)发送的意图,通过这个语句,能够广播给所有满足条件的组件,比如intent设置了action="com.xiazdong",则所有在AndroidManifest.xml中设置过<action Android:name="com.xiazdong"/>的广播接收者都能够接收到广播;

注:onReceive方法必须在10秒内完成,如果没有完成,则抛“Application No Response”当广播接收者onReceive方法需要执行很长时间时,最好将此耗时工作通过Intent发送给Service,由Service完成,并且不能使用子线程解决,因为BroadcastReceiver是接收到广播后才创建的,并且生命周期很短,因此子线程可能在没有执行完就已经被杀死了。

public void onReceive(Context context,Intent intent){

Intent intent = new Intent(context,XxxService.class);

context.startService(intent);

}

2.广播发送者

通常广播发送方就是调用Context.sendBroadcast()的程序,而广播接收者就是继承BroadcastReceiver的程序;

通常广播发送方都是通过隐式意图,这样才能发送给多人;

广播发送方分为普通广播和有序广播;

同步广播:发送方发出后,几乎同时到达多个广播接收者处,某个接收者不能接收到广播后进行一番处理后传给下一个接收者,并且无法终止广播继续传播;Context.sendBroadcast(intent);

有序广播:广播接收者需要提前设置优先级,优先级高的先接收到广播,优先级数值为-1000~1000,在AndroidManifest.xml的<intent-filter android:priority="xxx">设置;比如存在3个广播接收者A、B、C,优先级A>B>C,因此A最先收到广播,当A收到广播后,可以向广播中添加一些数据给下一个接收者(intent.putExtra()),或者终止广播(abortBroadcast());Context.sendOrderedBroadcast(intent);

二、广播接收者核心代码

同步广播发送方核心代码:

Intent intent = new Intent();

intent.setAction("...");

Context.sendBroadcast(intent);

有序广播发送方核心代码:

Intent intent = new Intent();

intent.setAction("...");

Context.sendOrderedBroadcast(intent,null);

广播接收者核心代码:

public class Receiver extends BroadcastReceiver{

public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {

Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras();

...

}

}

AndroidManifest.xml

<application>

<receiver android:name=".Receiver">

<intent-filter android:priority="1000">

<action android:name="com.xiazdong"/>

</intent-filter>

</receiver>

</application>

三、广播实例

1.同步广播实例

场景说明:

(1)广播发送者:

package com.xiazdong.broadcastsender;

import android.app.Activity;

import android.content.Intent;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.view.View;

import android.view.View.OnClickListener;

import android.widget.Button;

import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

private Button button;

private OnClickListener listener = new OnClickListener(){

@Override

public void onClick(View v) {

Intent intent = new Intent();

intent.setAction("com.xiazdong");

intent.putExtra("name", "xiazdong");

MainActivity.this.sendBroadcast(intent);

Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "发送广播成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

}

};

@Override

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.main);

button = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.button);

button.setOnClickListener(listener);

}

}

(2)广播接收者

package com.xiazdong.broadcastreceiver1;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;

import android.content.Context;

import android.content.Intent;

import android.util.Log;

public class Receiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

@Override

public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {

String name = intent.getExtras().getString("name");

Log.i("Recevier1", "接收到:"+name);

}

}

  AndroidManifest.xml

<receiver android:name=".Receiver">

<intent-filter>

<action android:name="com.xiazdong"/>

</intent-filter>

</receiver>

结果:

2.有序广播实例

场景说明:

(1)广播发送者

package com.xiazdong.broadcastsender;

import android.app.Activity;

import android.content.Intent;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.view.View;

import android.view.View.OnClickListener;

import android.widget.Button;

import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

private Button button;

private OnClickListener listener = new OnClickListener(){

@Override

public void onClick(View v) {

Intent intent = new Intent();

intent.setAction("com.xiazdong");

intent.putExtra("name", "xiazdong");

MainActivity.this.sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, null); //有序广播发送

Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "发送广播成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

}

};

@Override

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.main);

button = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.button);

button.setOnClickListener(listener);

}

}

(2)广播接收者

Receiver1

package com.xiazdong.broadcastreceiver1;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;

import android.content.Context;

import android.content.Intent;

import android.util.Log;

public class Receiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

@Override

public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {

String name = intent.getExtras().getString("name");

Log.i("Recevier1", "接收到:"+name);

abortBroadcast(); //Receiver1接收到广播后中断广播

}

}

AndroidManifest.xml

<receiver android:name=".Receiver">

<intent-filter android:priority="1000"> <!-- 设置最高优先级 -->

<action android:name="com.xiazdong"/>

</intent-filter>

</receiver>

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