Android 蓝牙开发实例解析

Z时代
2024-01-10
分类：综合

在使用手机时，蓝牙通信给我们带来很多方便。那么在Android手机中怎样进行蓝牙开发呢？本文以实例的方式讲解Android蓝牙开发的知识。

1、使用蓝牙的响应权限

XML/HTML代码


<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>  
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>

2、配置本机蓝牙模块

在这里首先要了解对蓝牙操作一个核心类BluetoothAdapter。


BluetoothAdapter adapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();  
//直接打开系统的蓝牙设置面板  
Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);  
startActivityForResult(intent, 0x1);  
//直接打开蓝牙  
adapter.enable();  
//关闭蓝牙  
adapter.disable();  
//打开本机的蓝牙发现功能（默认打开120秒，可以将时间最多延长至300秒）  
Intent discoveryIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);  
discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);//设置持续时间（最多300秒）

3、搜索蓝牙设备

使用BluetoothAdapter的startDiscovery()方法来搜索蓝牙设备。

startDiscovery()方法是一个异步方法，调用后会立即返回。该方法会进行对其他蓝牙设备的搜索，该过程会持续12秒。该方法调用后，搜索过程实际上是在一个System Service中进行的，所以可以调用cancelDiscovery()方法来停止搜索（该方法可以在未执行discovery请求时调用）。

请求Discovery后，系统开始搜索蓝牙设备，在这个过程中，系统会发送以下三个广播：

ACTION_DISCOVERY_START：开始搜索

ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED：搜索结束

ACTION_FOUND：找到设备，这个Intent中包含两个extra fields：EXTRA_DEVICE和EXTRA_CLASS，分别包含BluetooDevice和BluetoothClass。

我们可以自己注册相应的BroadcastReceiver来接收响应的广播，以便实现某些功能。


// 创建一个接收ACTION_FOUND广播的BroadcastReceiver  
private final BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {  
 public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {  
  String action = intent.getAction();  
  // 发现设备  
  if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {  
   // 从Intent中获取设备对象  
   BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);  
   // 将设备名称和地址放入array adapter，以便在ListView中显示  
   mArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress());  
  }  
 }  
};  
// 注册BroadcastReceiver  
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);  
registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter); // 不要忘了之后解除绑定

4、蓝牙Socket通信

如果打算建议两个蓝牙设备之间的连接，则必须实现服务器端与客户端的机制。当两个设备在同一个RFCOMM channel下分别拥有一个连接的BluetoothSocket，这两个设备才可以说是建立了连接。

服务器设备与客户端设备获取BluetoothSocket的途径是不同的。服务器设备是通过accepted一个incoming connection来获取的，而客户端设备则是通过打开一个到服务器的RFCOMM channel来获取的。

服务器端的实现

通过调用BluetoothAdapter的listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(String, UUID)方法来获取BluetoothServerSocket（UUID用于客户端与服务器端之间的配对）。

调用BluetoothServerSocket的accept()方法监听连接请求，如果收到请求，则返回一个BluetoothSocket实例（此方法为block方法，应置于新线程中）。

如果不想在accept其他的连接，则调用BluetoothServerSocket的close()方法释放资源（调用该方法后，之前获得的BluetoothSocket实例并没有close。但由于RFCOMM一个时刻只允许在一条channel中有一个连接，则一般在accept一个连接后，便close掉BluetoothServerSocket）。


private class AcceptThread extends Thread {  
 private final BluetoothServerSocket mmServerSocket;  
 public AcceptThread() {  
  // Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmServerSocket,  
  // because mmServerSocket is final  
  BluetoothServerSocket tmp = null;  
  try {  
   // MY_UUID is the app's UUID string, also used by the client code  
   tmp = mBluetoothAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, MY_UUID);  
  } catch (IOException e) { }  
  mmServerSocket = tmp;  
 }  
 public void run() {  
  BluetoothSocket socket = null;  
  // Keep listening until exception occurs or a socket is returned  
  while (true) {  
   try {  
    socket = mmServerSocket.accept();  
   } catch (IOException e) {  
    break;  
   }  
   // If a connection was accepted  
   if (socket != null) {  
    // Do work to manage the connection (in a separate thread)  
    manageConnectedSocket(socket);  
    mmServerSocket.close();  
    break;  
   }  
  }  
 }   
 /** Will cancel the listening socket, and cause the thread to finish */  
 public void cancel() {  
  try {  
   mmServerSocket.close();  
  } catch (IOException e) { }  
 }  
}

客户端的实现

通过搜索得到服务器端的BluetoothService。

调用BluetoothService的listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(String, UUID)方法获取BluetoothSocket（该UUID应该同于服务器端的UUID）。

调用BluetoothSocket的connect()方法（该方法为block方法），如果UUID同服务器端的UUID匹配，并且连接被服务器端accept，则connect()方法返回。

注意：在调用connect()方法之前，应当确定当前没有搜索设备，否则连接会变得非常慢并且容易失败。


private class ConnectThread extends Thread { 
 private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;  
 private final BluetoothDevice mmDevice;  
 public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device) {  
  // Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmSocket,  
  // because mmSocket is final  
  BluetoothSocket tmp = null;  
  mmDevice = device;  
  // Get a BluetoothSocket to connect with the given BluetoothDevice  
  try {  
   // MY_UUID is the app's UUID string, also used by the server code  
   tmp = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID);  
  } catch (IOException e) { }  
  mmSocket = tmp;  
 }  
 public void run() {  
  // Cancel discovery because it will slow down the connection  
  mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();  
  try {  
   // Connect the device through the socket. This will block  
   // until it succeeds or throws an exception  
   mmSocket.connect();  
  } catch (IOException connectException) {  
   // Unable to connect; close the socket and get out  
   try {  
    mmSocket.close();  
   } catch (IOException closeException) { }  
    return;  
  }  
   // Do work to manage the connection (in a separate thread)  
  manageConnectedSocket(mmSocket);  
 }  
 /** Will cancel an in-progress connection, and close the socket */  
  public void cancel() {  
  try {  
   mmSocket.close();  
  } catch (IOException e) { }  
  }  
}

5、连接管理（数据通信）

分别通过BluetoothSocket的getInputStream()和getOutputStream()方法获取InputStream和OutputStream。

使用read(bytes[])和write(bytes[])方法分别进行读写操作。

注意：read(bytes[])方法会一直block，知道从流中读取到信息，而write(bytes[])方法并不是经常的block（比如在另一设备没有及时read或者中间缓冲区已满的情况下，write方法会block）。


private class ConnectedThread extends Thread {  
 private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;  
 private final InputStream mmInStream;  
 private final OutputStream mmOutStream;  
 public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket) {  
  mmSocket = socket;  
  InputStream tmpIn = null;  
  OutputStream tmpOut = null;  
  // Get the input and output streams, using temp objects because  
  // member streams are final  
  try {  
   tmpIn = socket.getInputStream();  
   tmpOut = socket.getOutputStream();  
  } catch (IOException e) { }  
  mmInStream = tmpIn;  
  mmOutStream = tmpOut;  
 }  
 public void run() {  
  byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; // buffer store for the stream  
  int bytes; // bytes returned from read()  
  // Keep listening to the InputStream until an exception occurs  
  while (true) {  
   try {  
    // Read from the InputStream  
    bytes = mmInStream.read(buffer);  
    // Send the obtained bytes to the UI Activity  
    mHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_READ, bytes, -1, buffer)  
      .sendToTarget();  
   } catch (IOException e) {  
    break;  
   }  
  }  
 }  
 /* Call this from the main Activity to send data to the remote device */  
 public void write(byte[] bytes) {  
  try {  
   mmOutStream.write(bytes);  
  } catch (IOException e) { }  
 }  
 /* Call this from the main Activity to shutdown the connection */  
 public void cancel() {  
  try {  
   mmSocket.close();  
  } catch (IOException e) { }  
 }  
}