SpringMVC底层执行流程及原理解析

一个简单的HelloSpringMVC程序

先在web,xml中注册一个前端控制器(DispatcherServlet)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"

version="4.0">

<!--配置DispatcherServlet:这是SpringMVC的核心,请求分发器,前端控制器-->

<servlet>

<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>

<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>

<!--要绑定springmvc的配置文件-->

<init-param>

<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>

<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>

</init-param>

<!--启动级别为1-->

<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>

</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

配置文件(springmvc-servlet.xml)

HandlerMapper是处理器映射器-->根据请求的地址去找处理器(如案例中的"/hello")

HandlerAdapter是处理器适配器-->找到处理器后根据id去适配对应的controller(如适配到案例中的HelloController),controller会返回ModelAndView及其前端数据

ViewResolver是视图解析器,其作用为:

1.获取到ModelAndView中的数据

2.解析视图名称

3.拼接视图名称

4.数据渲染

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>

<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>

<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">

<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>

<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>

</bean>

<bean id="/hello" class="com.kuang.contorller.HelloController"/>

</beans>

controller层:

实现Controller接口,重写内部方法(一般不会使用,这是底层原理)

ModelAndView是模型、视图

public class HelloController implements Controller {

@Override

public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {

ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();

mv.addObject("msg","HelloSpringMVC!");

mv.setViewName("test");

return mv;

}

}

底层流程图

实线是SpringMVC已经帮你实现好了,虚线是需要自己手动

以上仅是说明底层执行原理,实际开发并不会这样去使用!

在实际开发中SpringMVC推荐使用注解的方式

在注解开发中,不需要我们去配置处理器适配器和处理器映射器。

web.xml中只需配置DispatcherServlet前端控制器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"

version="4.0">

<servlet>

<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>

<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param>

<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>

<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>

</init-param>

<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>

</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

在springmvc-servlet.xml中配置视图解析器等

<context:component-scan base-package="com.kuang.controller"/> /*组件扫描,用于扫描controller下的包*/

<mvc:default-servlet-handler/> /*静态资源过滤*/

<mvc:annotation-driven/> /*这个就帮助我们配置了映射器以及适配器*/

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc

https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

<context:component-scan base-package="com.kuang.controller"/>

<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

<mvc:annotation-driven/>

<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">

<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>

<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>

</bean>

</beans>

contorller

@Controller    //说明这类被Spring托管了

@RequestMapping("/hello")

public class HelloController {

@RequestMapping("/h1")   //这个注解会执行视图解析器

public String hello(Model model){

model.addAttribute("msg","helloSpringMVCAnnotation");

return "hello";

}

}

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