SpringMVC实现文件上传下载的全过程

前言

文件的上传和下载都是基于io复制,只不过

文件上传是浏览器向服务器发送报文

文件下载是服务器向浏览器发送报文

提示:以下是本篇文章正文内容,下面案例可供参考

一、通用配置

pom.xml

    <dependencies>

<!-- SpringMVC -->

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>

<version>5.3.13</version>

</dependency>

<!-- 日志 -->

<dependency>

<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>

<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>

<version>1.2.3</version>

</dependency>

<!-- ServletAPI -->

<dependency>

<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>

<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>

<version>4.0.1</version>

<scope>provided</scope>

</dependency>

<!-- Spring5和Thymeleaf整合包 -->

<dependency>

<groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>

<artifactId>thymeleaf-spring5</artifactId>

<version>3.0.12.RELEASE</version>

</dependency>

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-fileupload/commons-fileupload -->

<dependency>

<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>

<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>

<version>1.3.1</version>

</dependency>

<!-- springMVC end-->

<!-- 导入spring坐标-->

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>

<version>5.3.11</version>

</dependency>

<!-- 导入测试坐标-->

<dependency>

<groupId>junit</groupId>

<artifactId>junit</artifactId>

<version>4.12</version>

<scope>test</scope>

</dependency>

<!-- 测试坐标-->

<!-- 导入集成测试坐标-->

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>

<version>5.3.13</version>

</dependency>

<!-- 集成测试坐标end-->

<!-- 导入mysql坐标-->

<dependency>

<groupId>mysql</groupId>

<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>

<version>8.0.24</version>

</dependency>

<!-- mysql坐标end-->

<!-- 导入druid连接池-->

<dependency>

<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>

<artifactId>druid</artifactId>

<version>1.2.8</version>

</dependency>

<!-- 导入druid连接池end-->

<!-- 导入spring上下文-->

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>

<version>5.3.11</version>

</dependency>

<!-- 导入spring上下文end-->

<!-- 导入spring web开发api start-->

<dependency>

<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>

<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>

<version>4.0.1</version>

<scope>provided</scope>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>

<artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>

<version>2.3.3</version>

</dependency>

<!-- 导入spring web开发end-->

<!-- 导入jackson的依赖-->

<dependency>

<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>

<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>

<version>2.12.1</version>

</dependency>

<!--上传功能的关键jar -->

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-fileupload/commons-fileupload -->

<dependency>

<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>

<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>

<version>1.3.1</version>

</dependency>

</dependencies>

上传功能的关键jar

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"

version="4.0">

<!--配置springMVC的编码过滤器-->

<!-- SpringMVC中处理编码的过滤器一定要配置到其他过滤器之前,否则无效-->

<!-- 字符集过滤器 -->

<filter>

<description>字符集过滤器</description>

<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>

<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>

<init-param>

<description>字符集编码</description>

<param-name>encoding</param-name>

<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>

</init-param>

<init-param>

<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>

<param-value>true</param-value>

</init-param>

</filter>

<!-- 字符集拦截 -->

<filter-mapping>

<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>

<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>

</filter-mapping>

<filter>

<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>

<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>

</filter>

<filter-mapping>

<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>

<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>

</filter-mapping>

<!-- 注册前端控制器DispatcherServlet-->

<servlet>

<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>

<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>

<init-param>

<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>

<param-value>classpath:springMVC.xml</param-value>

</init-param>

<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>

</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

springMVC.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

<!-- 扫描组件-->

<context:component-scan base-package="com.vector"/>

<!-- 配置Thymeleaf视图解析器 -->

<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.view.ThymeleafViewResolver">

<property name="order" value="1"/>

<property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>

<property name="templateEngine">

<bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.SpringTemplateEngine">

<property name="templateResolver">

<bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.templateresolver.SpringResourceTemplateResolver">

<!-- 视图前缀 -->

<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/templates/"/>

<!-- 视图后缀 -->

<property name="suffix" value=".html"/>

<property name="templateMode" value="HTML5"/>

<property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8" />

</bean>

</property>

</bean>

</property>

</bean>

<!-- 处理响应中文内容乱码 -->

<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">

<property name="defaultCharset" value="UTF-8" />

<property name="supportedMediaTypes">

<list>

<value>text/html</value>

<value>application/json</value>

</list>

</property>

</bean>

<mvc:view-controller path="/" view-name="index"/>

<mvc:view-controller path="/file" view-name="file"/>

<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

<mvc:annotation-driven/>

<!--必须通过文件解析器的解析才能将文件转换为MultipartFile对象-->

<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"></bean>

</beans>

实现页面跳转,vue文件解析,上传内容解析的关键

file.html内容demo

<body>

<a th:href="@{/testDown}" rel="external nofollow" >下载1.jpg</a>

<form th:action="@{/testUp}" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">

头像: <input type="file" name="photo"><br>

<input type="submit" value="上传">

</form>

</body>

二、实现文件下载,上传功能

package com.vector.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;

import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;

import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;

import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import org.springframework.util.MultiValueMap;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import java.io.File;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.util.UUID;

@Controller

public class FileUpAndDownController {

@RequestMapping("/testDown")

public ResponseEntity<byte[]> testResponseEntity(HttpSession session) throws IOException {

//获取ServletContext对象

ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext();

//获取服务器中文件的真实路径

String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/static/img/1.jpg");

//创建输入流

InputStream is = new FileInputStream(realPath);

//创建字节数组

byte[] bytes = new byte[is.available()];

//将流读到字节数组中

is.read(bytes);

//创建HttpHeaders对象设置响应头信息

MultiValueMap<String, String> headers = new HttpHeaders();

//设置要下载方式以及下载文件的名字

//Content-Disposition 固定回复内容格式 attachment以附件形式下载 filename=1.jpg文件名

//可以将filename拼接为动态命名

headers.add("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=1.jpg");

//设置响应状态码

HttpStatus statusCode = HttpStatus.OK;

//创建ResponseEntity对象

ResponseEntity<byte[]> responseEntity = new ResponseEntity<>(bytes, headers, statusCode);

//关闭输入流

is.close();

return responseEntity;

}

@RequestMapping("/testUp")

public String testUp(@Value("multipartResolver") MultipartFile photo,HttpSession session) throws IOException {

//获取上传的文件的文件名

String fileName = photo.getOriginalFilename();

//处理文件重名问题

//重名问题是java.io中写入同一文件默认覆盖原文件内容导致图片被覆盖.

//获取文件名后缀

String suffixName = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("."));

//将UUID作为文件名 uuid是32位随机数,几乎不可能会重复

fileName = UUID.randomUUID().toString() + suffixName;

//获取服务器中photo目录的路径

ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext();

String photoPath = servletContext.getRealPath("photo");

File file = new File(photoPath);

//判断服务器是否存在该路径

if(!file.exists()){

file.mkdir();

}

String finalPath = photoPath + File.separator + fileName;

//实现上传功能

photo.transferTo(new File(finalPath));

return "success";

}

}

下载功能测试

上传功能测试

 

总结

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