通过唯一索引S锁与X锁来了解MySQL死锁套路

在初学者从源码理解MySQL死锁问题中介绍了使用调试 MySQL  源码的方式来查看死锁的过程,这篇文章来讲讲一个常见的案例。

这次我们讲一段唯一索引 S 锁与 X 锁的爱恨情仇

我们来看一个简化过的例子

# 构造数据

CREATE TABLE `t1` (

`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

`name` varchar(10),

`level` int(11),

PRIMARY KEY (`id`),

UNIQUE KEY `uk_name` (`name`)

);

INSERT INTO `t1` (`name`, `level`) VALUES ('A',0);

# 出现问题的sql语句如下,并发情况下就会出现死锁

INSERT ignore INTO `t1` (`name`, `level`) VALUES ('A',0);

update t1 set level = 1 where name = "A";

我们用之前介绍过的源码分析方式,先来看下这两条语句分别加什么锁,然后分析死锁形成的过程。

第一条语句

INSERT ignore INTO t1 (name, level) VALUES ('A',0);

在调试中得到的结果如下

可以看到这条语句对唯一键 uk_name 加共享锁(S锁),而且成功。

第二条语句

update t1 set level = 1 where name = "A";

 通过唯一键更新数据库字段。

这种情况在之前的文章已经介绍过,会对唯一索引加 X 锁,然后对主键索引加 X 锁

这样就可以非常轻松的复现死锁的问题了,步骤如下

1.开启两个 session,分别 begin

2.session1 执行INSERT ignore INTO t1 (name, level) VALUES ('A',0);

3.session2 执行INSERT ignore INTO t1 (name, level) VALUES ('A',0);

4.session1 执行update t1 set level = 1 where name = "A"; 进入等待状态

5.session2 执行update t1 set level = 1 where name = "A";,死锁产生,被回滚,同时事务 1 执行成功

详细的锁状态变化如下

t1t2备注
INSERT IGNORE INTO-t1成功获得uk的S锁 DB_SUCCESS
-INSERT IGNORE INTOt2成功获得uk的S锁 DB_SUCCESS
UPDATE-t1尝试获得uk的X锁,但没有成功,处于等待状态 DB_LOCK_WAIT
-UPDATEt2尝试获得uk的X锁,发现死锁产生 DB_DEADLOCK
-Deadlockt2释放S锁
成功--

死锁日志如下:

LATEST DETECTED DEADLOCK

------------------------

181208 23:00:52

*** (1) TRANSACTION:

TRANSACTION 53A7, ACTIVE 162 sec starting index read

mysql tables in use 1, locked 1

LOCK WAIT 3 lock struct(s), heap size 376, 2 row lock(s)

MySQL thread id 12, OS thread handle 0x700010522000, query id 1424 localhost root Updating

update t1 set level = 1 where name = "A"

*** (1) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:

RECORD LOCKS space id 89 page no 4 n bits 72 index `uk_name` of table `lock_demo2`.`t1` trx id 53A7 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting

Record lock, heap no 2 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 2; compact format; info bits 0

0: len 1; hex 41; asc A;;

1: len 4; hex 80000001; asc ;;

*** (2) TRANSACTION:

TRANSACTION 53A8, ACTIVE 8 sec starting index read

mysql tables in use 1, locked 1

3 lock struct(s), heap size 376, 2 row lock(s)

MySQL thread id 96, OS thread handle 0x70001062e000, query id 1425 localhost root Updating

update t1 set level = 1 where name = "A"

*** (2) HOLDS THE LOCK(S):

RECORD LOCKS space id 89 page no 4 n bits 72 index `uk_name` of table `lock_demo2`.`t1` trx id 53A8 lock mode S

Record lock, heap no 2 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 2; compact format; info bits 0

0: len 1; hex 41; asc A;;

1: len 4; hex 80000001; asc ;;

*** (2) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:

RECORD LOCKS space id 89 page no 4 n bits 72 index `uk_name` of table `lock_demo2`.`t1` trx id 53A8 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting

Record lock, heap no 2 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 2; compact format; info bits 0

0: len 1; hex 41; asc A;;

1: len 4; hex 80000001; asc ;;

*** WE ROLL BACK TRANSACTION (2)

来详细看一下这个死锁日志

*** (1) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:

RECORD LOCKS space id 89 page no 4 n bits 72 index uk_name of table lock_demo2.t1 trx id 53A7 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting

事务 1 想获取 uk_name 唯一索引上的 X 锁 (非 gap 锁的记录锁)

*** (2) HOLDS THE LOCK(S):

RECORD LOCKS space id 89 page no 4 n bits 72 index uk_name of table lock_demo2.t1 trx id 53A8 lock mode S

事务 2 持有uk_name 唯一索引上的 S 锁(共享锁)

*** (2) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:

RECORD LOCKS space id 89 page no 4 n bits 72 index uk_name of table lock_demo2.t1 trx id 53A8 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting

事务 2 想获得 uk_name 唯一索引上的 X 锁(非 gap 锁的记录锁)

跟之前理论上推断的结论是一致的

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持。

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