【Nodejs教程精选】解读Nodejs多核处理模块cluster

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转载请注明出处:
http://blog.fens.me/nodejs-core-cluster/

【Nodejs教程精选】解读Nodejs多核处理模块cluster

前言

大家都知道nodejs是一个单进程单线程的服务器引擎,不管有多么的强大硬件,只能利用到单个CPU进行计算。所以,有人开发了第三方的cluster,让node可以利用多核CPU实现并行。

随着nodejs的发展,让nodejs上生产环境,就必须是支持多进程多核处理!在V0.6.0版本,Nodejs内置了cluster的特性。自此,Nodejs终于可以作为一个独立的应用开发解决方案,映入大家眼帘了。

目录

  1. cluster介绍
  2. cluster的简单使用
  3. cluster的工作原理
  4. cluster的API
  5. master和worker的通信
  6. 用cluster实现负载均衡(Load Balance) — win7失败
  7. 用cluster实现负载均衡(Load Balance) — ubuntu成功
  8. cluster负载均衡策略的测试

1. cluster介绍

cluster是一个nodejs内置的模块,用于nodejs多核处理。cluster模块,可以帮助我们简化多进程并行化程序的开发难度,轻松构建一个用于负载均衡的集群。

2. cluster的简单使用

我的系统环境

  • win7 64bit
  • Nodejs:v0.10.5
  • Npm:1.2.19

在win的环境中,我们通过cluster启动多核的node提供web服务。

新建工程目录:

~ D:\workspace\javascript>mkdir nodejs-cluster && cd nodejs-cluster

新建文件:app.js

~ vi app.js

var cluster = require('cluster');

var http = require('http');

var numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length;

if (cluster.isMaster) {

console.log("master start...");

// Fork workers.

for (var i = 0; i

在控制台启动node程序

~ D:\workspace\javascript\nodejs-cluster>node app.js

master start...

listening: worker 2368, Address: 0.0.0.0:57132

listening: worker 1880, Address: 0.0.0.0:57132

listening: worker 1384, Address: 0.0.0.0:57132

listening: worker 1652, Address: 0.0.0.0:57132

master是总控节点,worker是运行节点。然后根据CPU的数量,启动worker。我本地是双核双通道的CPU,所以被检测为4核,启动了4个worker。

3. cluster的工作原理

每个worker进程通过使用child_process.fork()函数,基于IPC(Inter-Process Communication,进程间通信),实现与master进程间通信。

当worker使用server.listen(...)函数时 ,将参数序列传递给master进程。如果master进程已经匹配workers,会将传递句柄给工人。如果master没有匹配好worker,那么会创建一个worker,再传递并句柄传递给worker。

在边界条件,有3个有趣的行为:

注:下面server.listen(),是对底层“http.Server-->net.Server”类的调用。

  • 1. server.listen({fd: 7}):在master和worker通信过程,通过传递文件,master会监听“文件描述为7”,而不是传递“文件描述为7”的引用。
  • 2. server.listen(handle):master和worker通信过程,通过handle函数进行通信,而不用进程联系
  • 3. server.listen(0):在master和worker通信过程,集群中的worker会打开一个随机端口共用,通过socket通信,像上例中的57132

当多个进程都在 accept() 同样的资源的时候,操作系统的负载均衡非常高效。Node.js没有路由逻辑,worker之间没有共享状态。所以,程序要设计得简单一些,比如基于内存的session。

因为workers都是独力运行的,根据程序的需要,它们可以被独立删除或者重启,worker并不相互影响。只要还有workers存活,则master将继续接收连接。Node不会自动维护workers的数目。我们可以建立自己的连接池。

4. cluster的API

官网地址:http://nodejs.org/api/cluster.html#cluster_cluster

cluster对象

cluster的各种属性和函数

  • cluster.setttings:配置集群参数对象
  • cluster.isMaster:判断是不是master节点
  • cluster.isWorker:判断是不是worker节点
  • Event: 'fork': 监听创建worker进程事件
  • Event: 'online': 监听worker创建成功事件
  • Event: 'listening': 监听worker向master状态事件
  • Event: 'disconnect': 监听worker断线事件
  • Event: 'exit': 监听worker退出事件
  • Event: 'setup': 监听setupMaster事件
  • cluster.setupMaster([settings]): 设置集群参数
  • cluster.fork([env]): 创建worker进程
  • cluster.disconnect([callback]): 关闭worket进程
  • cluster.worker: 获得当前的worker对象
  • cluster.workers: 获得集群中所有存活的worker对象

worker对象

worker的各种属性和函数:可以通过cluster.workers, cluster.worket获得。

  • worker.id: 进程ID号
  • worker.process: ChildProcess对象
  • worker.suicide: 在disconnect()后,判断worker是否自杀
  • worker.send(message, [sendHandle]): master给worker发送消息。注:worker给发master发送消息要用process.send(message)
  • worker.kill([signal='SIGTERM']): 杀死指定的worker,别名destory()
  • worker.disconnect(): 断开worker连接,让worker自杀
  • Event: 'message': 监听master和worker的message事件
  • Event: 'online': 监听指定的worker创建成功事件
  • Event: 'listening': 监听master向worker状态事件
  • Event: 'disconnect': 监听worker断线事件
  • Event: 'exit': 监听worker退出事件

5. master和worker的通信

实现cluster的API,让master和worker相互通信。

新建文件: cluster.js

~ vi cluster.js

var cluster = require('cluster');

var http = require('http');

var numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length;

if (cluster.isMaster) {

console.log('[master] ' + "start master...");

for (var i = 0; i

控制台日志:

~ D:\workspace\javascript\nodejs-cluster>node cluster.js

[master] start master...

[worker] start worker ...1

[worker] [master] hi worker1

[worker] start worker ...2

[worker] [master] hi worker2

[master] fork: worker1

[master] fork: worker2

[master] fork: worker3

[master] fork: worker4

[master] online: worker1

[master] online: worker2

[master] message [worker] worker1 received!

[master] message [worker] worker2 received!

[master] listening: worker1,pid:6068, Address:0.0.0.0:3000

[master] listening: worker2,pid:1408, Address:0.0.0.0:3000

[master] online: worker3

[worker] start worker ...3

[worker] [master] hi worker3

[master] message [worker] worker3 received!

[master] listening: worker3,pid:3428, Address:0.0.0.0:3000

[master] online: worker4

[worker] start worker ...4

[worker] [master] hi worker4

[master] message [worker] worker4 received!

[master] listening: worker4,pid:6872, Address:0.0.0.0:3000

[worker] [master] send message to worker1

[worker] [master] send message to worker2

[worker] [master] send message to worker3

[worker] [master] send message to worker4

[master] message [worker] worker1 received!

[master] message [worker] worker2 received!

[master] message [worker] worker3 received!

[master] message [worker] worker4 received!

6. 用cluster实现负载均衡(Load Balance) -- win7失败

新建文件: server.js

~ vi server.js

var cluster = require('cluster');

var http = require('http');

var numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length;

if (cluster.isMaster) {

console.log('[master] ' + "start master...");

for (var i = 0; i

启动服务器:

~ D:\workspace\javascript\nodejs-cluster>node server.js

[master] start master...

[worker] start worker ...1

[worker] start worker ...2

[master] listening: worker1,pid:1536, Address:0.0.0.0:3000

[master] listening: worker2,pid:5920, Address:0.0.0.0:3000

[worker] start worker ...3

[master] listening: worker3,pid:7156, Address:0.0.0.0:3000

[worker] start worker ...4

[master] listening: worker4,pid:2868, Address:0.0.0.0:3000

worker4

worker4

worker4

worker4

worker4

worker4

worker4

worker4

用curl工具访问

C:\Users\Administrator>curl localhost:3000

worker4,PID:2868

C:\Users\Administrator>curl localhost:3000

worker4,PID:2868

C:\Users\Administrator>curl localhost:3000

worker4,PID:2868

C:\Users\Administrator>curl localhost:3000

worker4,PID:2868

C:\Users\Administrator>curl localhost:3000

worker4,PID:2868

C:\Users\Administrator>curl localhost:3000

worker4,PID:2868

C:\Users\Administrator>curl localhost:3000

worker4,PID:2868

C:\Users\Administrator>curl localhost:3000

worker4,PID:2868

我们发现了cluster在win中的bug,只用到worker4。果断切换到Linux测试。

7. 用cluster实现负载均衡(Load Balance) -- ubuntu成功

Linux的系统环境

  • Linux: Ubuntu 12.04.2 64bit Server
  • Node: v0.11.2
  • Npm: 1.2.21

构建项目:不多解释

~ cd :/home/conan/nodejs/

~ mkdir nodejs-cluster && cd nodejs-cluster

~ vi server.js

var cluster = require('cluster');

var http = require('http');

var numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length;

if (cluster.isMaster) {

console.log('[master] ' + "start master...");

for (var i = 0; i

启动服务器

conan@conan-deskop:~/nodejs/nodejs-cluster$ node server.js

[master] start master...

[worker] start worker ...1

[master] listening: worker1,pid:2925, Address:0.0.0.0:3000

[worker] start worker ...3

[master] listening: worker3,pid:2931, Address:0.0.0.0:3000

[worker] start worker ...4

[master] listening: worker4,pid:2932, Address:0.0.0.0:3000

[worker] start worker ...2

[master] listening: worker2,pid:2930, Address:0.0.0.0:3000

worker4

worker2

worker1

worker3

worker4

worker2

worker1

用curl工具访问

C:\Users\Administrator>curl 192.168.1.20:3000

worker4,PID:2932

C:\Users\Administrator>curl 192.168.1.20:3000

worker2,PID:2930

C:\Users\Administrator>curl 192.168.1.20:3000

worker1,PID:2925

C:\Users\Administrator>curl 192.168.1.20:3000

worker3,PID:2931

C:\Users\Administrator>curl 192.168.1.20:3000

worker4,PID:2932

C:\Users\Administrator>curl 192.168.1.20:3000

worker2,PID:2930

C:\Users\Administrator>curl 192.168.1.20:3000

worker1,PID:2925

在Linux环境中,cluster是运行正确的!!!

8. cluster负载均衡策略的测试

我们在Linux下面,完成测试,用过测试软件: siege

安装siege

~ sudo apt-get install siege

启动node cluster

~ node server.js > server.log

运行siege启动命令,每秒50个并发请求。

~ sudo siege -c 50 http://localhost:3000

HTTP/1.1 200 0.00 secs: 16 bytes ==> /

HTTP/1.1 200 0.00 secs: 16 bytes ==> /

HTTP/1.1 200 0.00 secs: 16 bytes ==> /

HTTP/1.1 200 0.01 secs: 16 bytes ==> /

HTTP/1.1 200 0.00 secs: 16 bytes ==> /

HTTP/1.1 200 0.00 secs: 16 bytes ==> /

HTTP/1.1 200 0.00 secs: 16 bytes ==> /

HTTP/1.1 200 0.01 secs: 16 bytes ==> /

HTTP/1.1 200 0.00 secs: 16 bytes ==> /

HTTP/1.1 200 0.00 secs: 16 bytes ==> /

HTTP/1.1 200 0.00 secs: 16 bytes ==> /

HTTP/1.1 200 0.02 secs: 16 bytes ==> /

HTTP/1.1 200 0.00 secs: 16 bytes ==> /

HTTP/1.1 200 0.02 secs: 16 bytes ==> /

HTTP/1.1 200 0.01 secs: 16 bytes ==> /

HTTP/1.1 200 0.01 secs: 16 bytes ==> /

.....

^C

Lifting the server siege... done. Transactions: 3760 hits

Availability: 100.00 %

Elapsed time: 39.66 secs

Data transferred: 0.06 MB

Response time: 0.01 secs

Transaction rate: 94.81 trans/sec

Throughput: 0.00 MB/sec

Concurrency: 1.24

Successful transactions: 3760

Failed transactions: 0

Longest transaction: 0.20

Shortest transaction: 0.00

FILE: /var/siege.log

You can disable this annoying message by editing

the .siegerc file in your home directory; change

the directive 'show-logfile' to false.

我们统计结果,执行3760次请求,消耗39.66秒,每秒处理94.81次请求。

查看server.log文件,

~ ls -l

total 64

-rw-rw-r-- 1 conan conan 756 9月 28 15:48 server.js

-rw-rw-r-- 1 conan conan 50313 9月 28 16:26 server.log

~ tail server.log

worker4

worker1

worker2

worker4

worker1

worker2

worker4

worker3

worker2

worker1

最后,用R语言分析一下:server.log

~ R

> df summary(df)

V1

worker1:1559

worker2:1579

worker3:1570

worker4:1535

我们看到,请求被分配到worker数据量相当。所以,cluster的负载均衡的策略,应该是随机分配的。

好了,我们又学了一个很有用的技能!利用cluster可以构建出多核应用,充分的利用多CPU带业的性能吧!!

转载请注明出处:
http://blog.fens.me/nodejs-core-cluster/

【Nodejs教程精选】解读Nodejs多核处理模块cluster

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