【Java】我所知道设计模式之建造者模式

前言需求


接下里介绍的是Java 的设计模式之一:建造者模式

需要建房子:这一过程为打桩、砌墙、封顶

房子有各种各样的,比如普通房,高楼,别墅

各种房子的过程虽然一样,但是要求不要相同的

请问你会怎么制作呢?

一、什么是建造者模式

建造者模式(Builder Pattern):又叫生成器模式,是一种对象构建模式

它可以将复杂对象的建造过程抽象出来(抽象类别),使这个抽象过程的不同实现方法可以构造出不同表现(属性)的对象

建造者模式是一步一步创建一个复杂的对象,它允许用户只通过指定复杂对象的类型和内容就可以构建它们, 用户不需要知道内部的具体构建细节

【Java】我所知道设计模式之建造者模式

二、通过示例说明情况

我们使用传统的方式解决盖房子问题,一般抽象一个父类出来创建方式

【Java】我所知道设计模式之建造者模式

abstract class AbstractHouse {

//打地基

public abstract void buildBasic();

//砌墙

public abstract void buildWalls();

//封顶

public abstract void roofed();

//按照顺序建房子

public void build() { buildBasic(); buildWalls(); roofed();}

}

假如我们是普通的房子就是继承这个父类

class CommonHouse extends AbstractHouse {

@Override

public void buildBasic() {

System.out.println(" 普通房子打地基 ");

}

@Override

public void buildWalls() {

System.out.println(" 普通房子砌墙 ");

}

@Override

public void roofed() {

System.out.println(" 普通房子封顶 ");

}

}

当我们创建普通房子的时候,即可直接调用普通房子的实现类即可

public static void main(String[] args) {

CommonHouse commonHouse = new CommonHouse();

commonHouse.build();

}

运行结果如下:

普通房子打地基

普通房子砌墙

普通房子封顶

传统方式的问题分析

  • 优点是比较好理解,简单易操作
  • 缺点是设计的程序结构,过于简单,没有设计缓存层对象,程序的扩展和维护不好.

也就是说,这种设计方案,把产品(即:房子) 和 创建产品的过程(即:建房子流程) 封装在一起,耦合性增强了。

解决方案:将产品和产品建造过程解耦 => 建造者模式

三、建造者模式的四个角色

  • Product(产品角色): 一个具体的产品对象
  • Builder(抽象建造者): 创建一个 Product 对象的各个部件指定的 接口/抽象类
  • ConcreteBuilder(具体建造者): 实现接口,构建和装配各个部件
  • Director(指挥者): 构建一个使用 Builder 接口的对象

它主要是用于创建一个复杂的对象。

它主要有两个作用:
1:隔离了客户与对象的生产过程
2:负责控制产品对象的生产过程

【Java】我所知道设计模式之建造者模式

比如说这辆车是一个产品,我们只需要将方向盘、轮胎、发动机进行组装

四、建造者模式原理类图

【Java】我所知道设计模式之建造者模式

将对象构造代码从产品类中抽取出来, 并将其放在为生成器的独立对象中

【Java】我所知道设计模式之建造者模式

五、建造者模式解决盖房子问题

使用建造者模式进行优化,我们先根据四个进行类图画一画

【Java】我所知道设计模式之建造者模式

现在我们创建一个产品:房子

// 产 品 ->Product

class House {

private String baise;//地基

private String wall;//墙

private String roofed;//屋顶

public String getBaise() {

return baise;

}

public void setBaise(String baise) {

this.baise = baise;

}

public String getWall() {

return wall;

}

public void setWall(String wall) {

this.wall = wall;

}

public String getRoofed() {

return roofed;

}

public void setRoofed(String roofed) {

this.roofed = roofed;

}

}

接着我们需要一个建造者,提供建造的流程、组合产品所需方法

// 抽象的建造者

abstract class HouseBuilder {

protected House house = new House();

//将建造的流程所需写好, 抽象的方法

public abstract void buildBasic();

public abstract void buildWalls();

public abstract void roofed();

//建造房子好, 将产品(房子) 返回

public House buildHouse() {return house;}

}

接下里我们进行普通房子的具体建造者实现

class CommonHouse extends HouseBuilder {

@Override

public void buildBasic() {

System.out.println(" 普通房子打地基 5 米 ");

}

@Override

public void buildWalls() {

System.out.println(" 普通房子砌墙 10cm ");

}

@Override

public void roofed() {

System.out.println(" 普通房子屋顶 ");

}

}

至于具体的建造流程,是先砌墙、先弄地基、还是屋顶交给指挥者来决定

//指挥者,这里去指定制作流程,返回产品

class HouseDirector {

HouseBuilder houseBuilder = null;

//构造器传入 houseBuilder

public HouseDirector(HouseBuilder houseBuilder) {

this.houseBuilder = houseBuilder;

}

//通过 setter 传入 houseBuilder

public void setHouseBuilder(HouseBuilder houseBuilder) {

this.houseBuilder = houseBuilder;

}

//如何处理建造房子的流程,交给指挥者

public House constructHouse() {

houseBuilder.buildBasic();

houseBuilder.buildWalls();

houseBuilder.roofed();

return houseBuilder.buildHouse();

}

}

接下里一起使用demo 来体会一下建造者模式下盖普通房、盖高楼有何区别

public static void main(String[] args) {

//盖普通房子

CommonHouse commonHouse = new CommonHouse();

//准备创建房子的指挥者

HouseDirector houseDirector = new HouseDirector(commonHouse);

//完成盖房子,返回产品(普通房子)

House house = houseDirector.constructHouse();

//System.out.println(" 输 出 流 程 ");

System.out.println("--------------------------");

}

运行结果:

普通房子打地基 5 米

普通房子砌墙 10cm

普通房子屋顶

--------------------------

那么这时我们要盖高楼呢?盖别墅呢?

public static void main(String[] args) {

//盖高楼

HighBuilding highBuilding = new HighBuilding();

//准备创建房子的指挥者

HouseDirector houseDirector = new HouseDirector(highBuilding);

//完成盖房子,返回产品(高楼)

House house = houseDirector.constructHouse();

//System.out.println(" 输 出 流 程 ");

System.out.println("--------------------------");

}

运行结果:

高楼的打地基 100 米

高楼的砌墙 20cm

高楼的透明屋顶

相比之前的抽取父类,普通房子与高楼会有一些不同的建造细节

而抽取父类在砌墙、盖屋顶、打地基还可以,若高楼一些别的需求与父类是没有的,那么就可能又要抽取一个高楼的父类

建造者模式呢,只需建造者里提供建造的流程、组合、细节的方法

六、建造者模式在 JDK 的应用和源码分析

我们一起来看看java.lang.StringBuilder中的建造者模式

public static void main(String[] args) {

StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder("hello,world");

System.out.println(stringBuilder);

}

运行结果:

hello,world

那么我们一起来看看StringBuilder 这个类是怎么样的呢?

public final class StringBuilder

extends AbstractStringBuilder

implements java.io.Serializable, CharSequence

{

static final long serialVersionUID = 4383685877147921099L;

public StringBuilder() {

super(16);

}

public StringBuilder(int capacity) {

super(capacity);

}

public StringBuilder(String str) {

super(str.length() + 16);

append(str);

}

public StringBuilder(CharSequence seq) {

this(seq.length() + 16);

append(seq);

}

@Override

public StringBuilder append(Object obj) {

return append(String.valueOf(obj));

}

@Override

public StringBuilder append(String str) {

super.append(str);

return this;

}

public StringBuilder append(StringBuffer sb) {

super.append(sb);

return this;

}

@Override

public StringBuilder append(CharSequence s) {

super.append(s);

return this;

}

@Override

public StringBuilder append(CharSequence s, int start, int end) {

super.append(s, start, end);

return this;

}

@Override

public StringBuilder append(char[] str) {

super.append(str);

return this;

}

@Override

public StringBuilder append(char[] str, int offset, int len) {

super.append(str, offset, len);

return this;

}

@Override

public StringBuilder append(boolean b) {

super.append(b);

return this;

}

@Override

public StringBuilder append(char c) {

super.append(c);

return this;

}

@Override

public StringBuilder append(int i) {

super.append(i);

return this;

}

@Override

public StringBuilder append(long lng) {

super.append(lng);

return this;

}

@Override

public StringBuilder append(float f) {

super.append(f);

return this;

}

@Override

public StringBuilder append(double d) {

super.append(d);

return this;

}

@Override

public StringBuilder appendCodePoint(int codePoint) {

super.appendCodePoint(codePoint);

return this;

}

@Override

public StringBuilder delete(int start, int end) {

super.delete(start, end);

return this;

}

@Override

public StringBuilder deleteCharAt(int index) {

super.deleteCharAt(index);

return this;

}

@Override

public StringBuilder replace(int start, int end, String str) {

super.replace(start, end, str);

return this;

}

@Override

public StringBuilder insert(int index, char[] str, int offset,

int len)

{

super.insert(index, str, offset, len);

return this;

}

@Override

public StringBuilder insert(int offset, Object obj) {

super.insert(offset, obj);

return this;

}

@Override

public StringBuilder insert(int offset, String str) {

super.insert(offset, str);

return this;

}

@Override

public StringBuilder insert(int offset, char[] str) {

super.insert(offset, str);

return this;

}

@Override

public StringBuilder insert(int dstOffset, CharSequence s) {

super.insert(dstOffset, s);

return this;

}

@Override

public StringBuilder insert(int dstOffset, CharSequence s,

int start, int end)

{

super.insert(dstOffset, s, start, end);

return this;

}

@Override

public StringBuilder insert(int offset, boolean b) {

super.insert(offset, b);

return this;

}

@Override

public StringBuilder insert(int offset, char c) {

super.insert(offset, c);

return this;

}

@Override

public StringBuilder insert(int offset, int i) {

super.insert(offset, i);

return this;

}

@Override

public StringBuilder insert(int offset, long l) {

super.insert(offset, l);

return this;

}

@Override

public StringBuilder insert(int offset, float f) {

super.insert(offset, f);

return this;

}

@Override

public StringBuilder insert(int offset, double d) {

super.insert(offset, d);

return this;

}

@Override

public int indexOf(String str) {

return super.indexOf(str);

}

@Override

public int indexOf(String str, int fromIndex) {

return super.indexOf(str, fromIndex);

}

@Override

public int lastIndexOf(String str) {

return super.lastIndexOf(str);

}

@Override

public int lastIndexOf(String str, int fromIndex) {

return super.lastIndexOf(str, fromIndex);

}

@Override

public StringBuilder reverse() {

super.reverse();

return this;

}

@Override

public String toString() {

// Create a copy, don't share the array

return new String(value, 0, count);

}

private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)

throws java.io.IOException {

s.defaultWriteObject();

s.writeInt(count);

s.writeObject(value);

}

private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)

throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException {

s.defaultReadObject();

count = s.readInt();

value = (char[]) s.readObject();

}

}

我们发现这个类是final类并继承了AbstractStringBuilder,进去父类看看

abstract class AbstractStringBuilder implements Appendable, CharSequence {

char[] value;

int count;

AbstractStringBuilder() {}

AbstractStringBuilder(int capacity) {

value = new char[capacity];

}

@Override

public int length() {

return count;

}

public int capacity() {

return value.length;

}

public void ensureCapacity(int minimumCapacity) {

if (minimumCapacity > 0)

ensureCapacityInternal(minimumCapacity);

}

private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minimumCapacity) {

if (minimumCapacity - value.length > 0) {

value = Arrays.copyOf(value,

newCapacity(minimumCapacity));

}

}

private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8;

private int newCapacity(int minCapacity) {

int newCapacity = (value.length << 1) + 2;

if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0) {

newCapacity = minCapacity;

}

return (newCapacity <= 0 || MAX_ARRAY_SIZE - newCapacity < 0)

? hugeCapacity(minCapacity)

: newCapacity;

}

private int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) {

if (Integer.MAX_VALUE - minCapacity < 0) { // overflow

throw new OutOfMemoryError();

}

return (minCapacity > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE)

? minCapacity : MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;

}

public void trimToSize() {

if (count < value.length) {

value = Arrays.copyOf(value, count);

}

}

public void setLength(int newLength) {

if (newLength < 0)

throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(newLength);

ensureCapacityInternal(newLength);

if (count < newLength) {

Arrays.fill(value, count, newLength, '\0');

}

count = newLength;

}

@Override

public char charAt(int index) {

if ((index < 0) || (index >= count))

throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);

return value[index];

}

public int codePointAt(int index) {

if ((index < 0) || (index >= count)) {

throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);

}

return Character.codePointAtImpl(value, index, count);

}

public int codePointBefore(int index) {

int i = index - 1;

if ((i < 0) || (i >= count)) {

throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);

}

return Character.codePointBeforeImpl(value, index, 0);

}

public int codePointCount(int beginIndex, int endIndex) {

if (beginIndex < 0 || endIndex > count || beginIndex > endIndex) {

throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();

}

return Character.codePointCountImpl(value, beginIndex, endIndex-beginIndex);

}

public int offsetByCodePoints(int index, int codePointOffset) {

if (index < 0 || index > count) {

throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();

}

return Character.offsetByCodePointsImpl(value, 0, count,

index, codePointOffset);

}

public void getChars(int srcBegin, int srcEnd, char[] dst, int dstBegin)

{

if (srcBegin < 0)

throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(srcBegin);

if ((srcEnd < 0) || (srcEnd > count))

throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(srcEnd);

if (srcBegin > srcEnd)

throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException("srcBegin > srcEnd");

System.arraycopy(value, srcBegin, dst, dstBegin, srcEnd - srcBegin);

}

public void setCharAt(int index, char ch) {

if ((index < 0) || (index >= count))

throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);

value[index] = ch;

}

public AbstractStringBuilder append(Object obj) {

return append(String.valueOf(obj));

}

public AbstractStringBuilder append(String str) {

if (str == null)

return appendNull();

int len = str.length();

ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);

str.getChars(0, len, value, count);

count += len;

return this;

}

public AbstractStringBuilder append(StringBuffer sb) {

if (sb == null)

return appendNull();

int len = sb.length();

ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);

sb.getChars(0, len, value, count);

count += len;

return this;

}

AbstractStringBuilder append(AbstractStringBuilder asb) {

if (asb == null)

return appendNull();

int len = asb.length();

ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);

asb.getChars(0, len, value, count);

count += len;

return this;

}

@Override

public AbstractStringBuilder append(CharSequence s) {

if (s == null)

return appendNull();

if (s instanceof String)

return this.append((String)s);

if (s instanceof AbstractStringBuilder)

return this.append((AbstractStringBuilder)s);

return this.append(s, 0, s.length());

}

private AbstractStringBuilder appendNull() {

int c = count;

ensureCapacityInternal(c + 4);

final char[] value = this.value;

value[c++] = 'n';

value[c++] = 'u';

value[c++] = 'l';

value[c++] = 'l';

count = c;

return this;

}

@Override

public AbstractStringBuilder append(CharSequence s, int start, int end) {

if (s == null)

s = "null";

if ((start < 0) || (start > end) || (end > s.length()))

throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(

"start " + start + ", end " + end + ", s.length() "

+ s.length());

int len = end - start;

ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);

for (int i = start, j = count; i < end; i++, j++)

value[j] = s.charAt(i);

count += len;

return this;

}

public AbstractStringBuilder append(char[] str) {

int len = str.length;

ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);

System.arraycopy(str, 0, value, count, len);

count += len;

return this;

}

public AbstractStringBuilder append(char str[], int offset, int len) {

if (len > 0) // let arraycopy report AIOOBE for len < 0

ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);

System.arraycopy(str, offset, value, count, len);

count += len;

return this;

}

public AbstractStringBuilder append(boolean b) {

if (b) {

ensureCapacityInternal(count + 4);

value[count++] = 't';

value[count++] = 'r';

value[count++] = 'u';

value[count++] = 'e';

} else {

ensureCapacityInternal(count + 5);

value[count++] = 'f';

value[count++] = 'a';

value[count++] = 'l';

value[count++] = 's';

value[count++] = 'e';

}

return this;

}

@Override

public AbstractStringBuilder append(char c) {

ensureCapacityInternal(count + 1);

value[count++] = c;

return this;

}

public AbstractStringBuilder append(int i) {

if (i == Integer.MIN_VALUE) {

append("-2147483648");

return this;

}

int appendedLength = (i < 0) ? Integer.stringSize(-i) + 1

: Integer.stringSize(i);

int spaceNeeded = count + appendedLength;

ensureCapacityInternal(spaceNeeded);

Integer.getChars(i, spaceNeeded, value);

count = spaceNeeded;

return this;

}

public AbstractStringBuilder append(long l) {

if (l == Long.MIN_VALUE) {

append("-9223372036854775808");

return this;

}

int appendedLength = (l < 0) ? Long.stringSize(-l) + 1

: Long.stringSize(l);

int spaceNeeded = count + appendedLength;

ensureCapacityInternal(spaceNeeded);

Long.getChars(l, spaceNeeded, value);

count = spaceNeeded;

return this;

}

public AbstractStringBuilder append(float f) {

FloatingDecimal.appendTo(f,this);

return this;

}

public AbstractStringBuilder append(double d) {

FloatingDecimal.appendTo(d,this);

return this;

}

public AbstractStringBuilder delete(int start, int end) {

if (start < 0)

throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(start);

if (end > count)

end = count;

if (start > end)

throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException();

int len = end - start;

if (len > 0) {

System.arraycopy(value, start+len, value, start, count-end);

count -= len;

}

return this;

}

public AbstractStringBuilder appendCodePoint(int codePoint) {

final int count = this.count;

if (Character.isBmpCodePoint(codePoint)) {

ensureCapacityInternal(count + 1);

value[count] = (char) codePoint;

this.count = count + 1;

} else if (Character.isValidCodePoint(codePoint)) {

ensureCapacityInternal(count + 2);

Character.toSurrogates(codePoint, value, count);

this.count = count + 2;

} else {

throw new IllegalArgumentException();

}

return this;

}

public AbstractStringBuilder deleteCharAt(int index) {

if ((index < 0) || (index >= count))

throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);

System.arraycopy(value, index+1, value, index, count-index-1);

count--;

return this;

}

public AbstractStringBuilder replace(int start, int end, String str) {

if (start < 0)

throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(start);

if (start > count)

throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException("start > length()");

if (start > end)

throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException("start > end");

if (end > count)

end = count;

int len = str.length();

int newCount = count + len - (end - start);

ensureCapacityInternal(newCount);

System.arraycopy(value, end, value, start + len, count - end);

str.getChars(value, start);

count = newCount;

return this;

}

public String substring(int start) {

return substring(start, count);

}

@Override

public CharSequence subSequence(int start, int end) {

return substring(start, end);

}

public String substring(int start, int end) {

if (start < 0)

throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(start);

if (end > count)

throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(end);

if (start > end)

throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(end - start);

return new String(value, start, end - start);

}

public AbstractStringBuilder insert(int index, char[] str, int offset,

int len)

{

if ((index < 0) || (index > length()))

throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);

if ((offset < 0) || (len < 0) || (offset > str.length - len))

throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(

"offset " + offset + ", len " + len + ", str.length "

+ str.length);

ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);

System.arraycopy(value, index, value, index + len, count - index);

System.arraycopy(str, offset, value, index, len);

count += len;

return this;

}

public AbstractStringBuilder insert(int offset, Object obj) {

return insert(offset, String.valueOf(obj));

}

public AbstractStringBuilder insert(int offset, String str) {

if ((offset < 0) || (offset > length()))

throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset);

if (str == null)

str = "null";

int len = str.length();

ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);

System.arraycopy(value, offset, value, offset + len, count - offset);

str.getChars(value, offset);

count += len;

return this;

}

public AbstractStringBuilder insert(int offset, char[] str) {

if ((offset < 0) || (offset > length()))

throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset);

int len = str.length;

ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);

System.arraycopy(value, offset, value, offset + len, count - offset);

System.arraycopy(str, 0, value, offset, len);

count += len;

return this;

}

public AbstractStringBuilder insert(int dstOffset, CharSequence s) {

if (s == null)

s = "null";

if (s instanceof String)

return this.insert(dstOffset, (String)s);

return this.insert(dstOffset, s, 0, s.length());

}

public AbstractStringBuilder insert(int dstOffset, CharSequence s,

int start, int end) {

if (s == null)

s = "null";

if ((dstOffset < 0) || (dstOffset > this.length()))

throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("dstOffset "+dstOffset);

if ((start < 0) || (end < 0) || (start > end) || (end > s.length()))

throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(

"start " + start + ", end " + end + ", s.length() "

+ s.length());

int len = end - start;

ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);

System.arraycopy(value, dstOffset, value, dstOffset + len,

count - dstOffset);

for (int i=start; i<end; i++)

value[dstOffset++] = s.charAt(i);

count += len;

return this;

}

public AbstractStringBuilder insert(int offset, boolean b) {

return insert(offset, String.valueOf(b));

}

public AbstractStringBuilder insert(int offset, char c) {

ensureCapacityInternal(count + 1);

System.arraycopy(value, offset, value, offset + 1, count - offset);

value[offset] = c;

count += 1;

return this;

}

public AbstractStringBuilder insert(int offset, int i) {

return insert(offset, String.valueOf(i));

}

public AbstractStringBuilder insert(int offset, long l) {

return insert(offset, String.valueOf(l));

}

public AbstractStringBuilder insert(int offset, float f) {

return insert(offset, String.valueOf(f));

}

public AbstractStringBuilder insert(int offset, double d) {

return insert(offset, String.valueOf(d));

}

public int indexOf(String str) {

return indexOf(str, 0);

}

public int indexOf(String str, int fromIndex) {

return String.indexOf(value, 0, count, str, fromIndex);

}

public int lastIndexOf(String str) {

return lastIndexOf(str, count);

}

public int lastIndexOf(String str, int fromIndex) {

return String.lastIndexOf(value, 0, count, str, fromIndex);

}

public AbstractStringBuilder reverse() {

boolean hasSurrogates = false;

int n = count - 1;

for (int j = (n-1) >> 1; j >= 0; j--) {

int k = n - j;

char cj = value[j];

char ck = value[k];

value[j] = ck;

value[k] = cj;

if (Character.isSurrogate(cj) ||

Character.isSurrogate(ck)) {

hasSurrogates = true;

}

}

if (hasSurrogates) {

reverseAllValidSurrogatePairs();

}

return this;

}

private void reverseAllValidSurrogatePairs() {

for (int i = 0; i < count - 1; i++) {

char c2 = value[i];

if (Character.isLowSurrogate(c2)) {

char c1 = value[i + 1];

if (Character.isHighSurrogate(c1)) {

value[i++] = c1;

value[i] = c2;

}

}

}

}

@Override

public abstract String toString();

final char[] getValue() {

return value;

}

}

那么这个父类他是建造者吗?其实不然,因为我们发现他已实现了接口一些方法

public interface Appendable {

Appendable append(CharSequence csq) throws IOException;

Appendable append(CharSequence csq, int start, int end) throws IOException;

Appendable append(char c) throws IOException;

}

刚刚在StringBuilder构造器中填入"hello,world",就调用了append

public final class StringBuilder

extends AbstractStringBuilder

implements java.io.Serializable, CharSequence

{

static final long serialVersionUID = 4383685877147921099L;

public StringBuilder() {

super(16);

}

public StringBuilder(int capacity) {

super(capacity);

}

public StringBuilder(String str) {

super(str.length() + 16);

append(str);

}

public StringBuilder(CharSequence seq) {

this(seq.length() + 16);

append(seq);

}

}

背后调用的就是继承的父类方法,我们就能发现append其实已实现了

abstract class AbstractStringBuilder implements Appendable, CharSequence {

//省略其他关键性代码.....

public AbstractStringBuilder append(Object obj) {

return append(String.valueOf(obj));

}

public AbstractStringBuilder append(String str) {

if (str == null)

return appendNull();

int len = str.length();

ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);

str.getChars(0, len, value, count);

count += len;

return this;

}

public AbstractStringBuilder append(StringBuffer sb) {

if (sb == null)

return appendNull();

int len = sb.length();

ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);

sb.getChars(0, len, value, count);

count += len;

return this;

}

AbstractStringBuilder append(AbstractStringBuilder asb) {

if (asb == null)

return appendNull();

int len = asb.length();

ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);

asb.getChars(0, len, value, count);

count += len;

return this;

}

}

那么怎么理解StringBuilder里的建造者模式,产品、指挥者等这些角色呢?

这里需要阐述一个观点:我们在去查看源码的时候,有可能发现在使用的时候设计模式思想很相似,但形式上又与我们画的类图保持完全的一致

所以我们在这里没有很准确的找到产品、建造者、指挥者、具体建造者

但是建造者模式是什么呢?

建造者模式是一步一步创建一个复杂的对象,它允许用户只通过指定复杂对象的类型和内容就可以构建它们, 用户不需要知道内部的具体构建细节

源码中建造者模式角色分析

所以我们来分析一下StringBuilder在建造者模式下的角色

  • Appendable 接口定义了多个 append 方法(抽象方法)

即 Appendable 为抽象建造者, 定义了抽象方法

  • AbstractStringBuilder 实现了Appendable接口方法

这里的 AbstractStringBuilder已经是建造者,只是不能实例化

  • StringBuilder 即充当了指挥者角色,同时充当了具体的建造者

建造方法的实现是由 AbstractStringBuilder 完成 , 而 StringBuilder 继承了 AbstractStringBuilder

public final class StringBuilder

extends AbstractStringBuilder

implements java.io.Serializable, CharSequence

{

//省略其他关键性代码.....

@Override

public StringBuilder append(String str) {

super.append(str);

return this;

}

}

//具体建造方法由父类AbstractStringBuilder的方法实现

//建造后返回自己的类型AbstractStringBuilder

abstract class AbstractStringBuilder implements Appendable, CharSequence {

//省略其他关键性代码.....

public AbstractStringBuilder append(String str) {

if (str == null)

return appendNull();

int len = str.length();

ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);

str.getChars(0, len, value, count);

count += len;

return this;

}

}

【Java】我所知道设计模式之建造者模式

七、建造者模式的注意事项和细节


客户端(使用程序)不必知道产品内部组成的细节,将产品本身与产品的创建过程解耦,使得相同的创建过程可以创建不同的产品对象

每一个具体建造者都相对独立,而与其他的具体建造者无关,因此可以很方便地替换具体建造者或增加新的具体建造者, 用户使用不同的具体建造者即可得到不同的产品对象

可以更加精细地控制产品的创建过程 。将复杂产品的创建步骤分解在不同的方法中,使得创建过程更加清晰, 也更方便使用程序来控制创建过程

增加新的具体建造者无须修改原有类库的代码,指挥者类针对抽象建造者类编程,系统扩展方便,符合“开闭原则

建造者模式所创建的产品一般具有较多的共同点,其组成部分相似,如果产品之间的差异性很大,则不适合使用建造者模式,因此其使用范围受到一定的限制。

如果产品的内部变化复杂,可能会导致需要定义很多具体建造者类来实现这种变化,导致系统变得很庞大,因此在这种情况下,要考虑是否选择建造者模式

参考资料


尚硅谷:设计模式(韩顺平老师):建造者模式

Refactoring.Guru:《深入设计模式》

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