MySQL5.7多实例
文中使用mysql5.7 版本实现多实例,端口为3306和3307。
1、多实例本质
在一台机器上开启多个不同的mysql服务端口(3306,3307),运行多个mysql服务进程,这些服务进程通过不同的socket监听不同的服务端口来提供各自的服务;
多个实例共用一套mysql安装程序,配置文件可以用同一个(但是最好不同,文中用不同配置文件),启动程序可以用同一个(最好不同,文本用不同启动脚本),数据文件是不同的(必须不同);
服务器的硬件资源是公用的,逻辑上多实例是各自独立的;
2、多实例作用
有效利用服务器资源;节约服务器资源;
但是多实例肯定会存在资源互相抢占问题,当某个服务实例并发很高或者有慢查询时,会消耗整台服务器更多的内存、CPU等,势必导致其他实例运行也很慢。
3、多实例应用场景
资金比较紧张的公司;
并发访问不是特别大的业务;
4、安装多实例数据库
1.创建相应的目录
mkdir /mysql/{3306,3307}/{data,logs,conf,tmp} -p// 目录解释
data # 存放数据
logs # 存放mysql日志以及binlog日志
conf # 存放mysql配置文件
tmp # 存放mysql socket文件
2.创建mysql用户,登录方式nologin,不创建家目录
groupadd mysql -g 1002useradd mysql -u 1002 -g 1002 -s /sbin/nologin -M
3.安装一些依赖包
yum install ncurses-devel libaio-devel -y
4.上传mysql 5.7
至本机/application
目录
// 将mysql5.7 解压并移动到/application/mysql-5.7.20 目录下mkdir -p /application/mysql-5.7.20
tar xf mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz ./mysql-5.7.20
mv mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/* mysql-5.7.20/
rm -rf mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
// 软连接
ln -s /application/mysql-5.7.20/ /application/mysql
// 将 /application/mysql/bin 目录加入PATH环境变量
vim /etc/profile
export MYSQL_HOME=/application/mysql/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME
5.每个实例配置my.cnf文件
3306实例
# vim /mysql/3306/conf/my.cnf[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/mysql/3306/data
tmpdir = /mysql/3306/tmp
socket=/mysql/3306/tmp/mysql.sock
log-error=/mysql/3306/logs/mysql.log
port=3306
server_id=3306
max_connections = 1000
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 260M
skip_name_resolve
# 字符集
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_general_ci
nit_connect="SET NAMES utf8mb4"
# bin-log日志
log-bin=/mysql/3306/data/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
# 慢日志
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = /mysql/3306/logs/slow.log
log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1
log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 5
long_query_time = 1
[mysql]
socket=/mysql/3306/tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqladmin]
socket=/mysql/3306/tmp/mysql.sock
3307实例
# vim /mysql/3307/conf/my.cnf[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/mysql/3307/data
tmpdir = /mysql/3307/tmp
socket=/mysql/3307/tmp/mysql.sock
log-error=/mysql/3307/logs/mysql.log
port=3307
server_id=3307
max_connections = 1000
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 260M
skip_name_resolve
# 字符集
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_general_ci
# bin-log日志
log-bin=/mysql/3307/data/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
# 慢日志
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = /mysql/3307/logs/slow.log
log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1
log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 5
long_query_time = 1
[mysql]
socket=/mysql/3307/tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqladmin]
socket=/mysql/3307/tmp/mysql.sock
6.使用mysqld
命令初始化mysql数据库文件
// 授权mysql用户管理相应的mysql目录chown -R mysql:mysql /mysql/
// 初始化多实例
mysqld --defaults-file=/mysql/3306/conf/my.cnf --basedir=/application/mysql --initialize-insecure --user=mysql
mysqld --defaults-file=/mysql/3307/conf/my.cnf --basedir=/application/mysql --initialize-insecure --user=mysql
7.通过mysqld_safe
命令启动多实例mysql
mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/mysql/3306/conf/my.cnf &mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/mysql/3307/conf/my.cnf &
8.检查操作
// 查看进程是否存在ps -ef | grep mysql | grep -v "grep"
// 查看端口是否存在
ss -lntup | grep -E "3306|3307"
// 本地登录(-S 指定不同实例的socket)
mysql -uroot -p -S /mysql/3306/tmp/mysql.sock
9.多实例启动脚本
#!/bin/bashPORT=3306
SOCK_FILE_LOCK=/mysql/${PORT}/tmp/mysql.sock.lock
# start
function func_start(){
if [ -f ${SOCK_FILE_LOCK} ];then
echo "MySQL ${PORT} has started..."
exit 1
else
echo "MySQL ${PORT} is start..."
mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/mysql/3306/conf/my.cnf >/dev/null &
result=$?
[ ${result} -ne 0 ] && echo "MySQL ${PORT} start failed..." || echo "MySQL ${PORT} start success.."
fi
}
# stop
function func_stop(){
if [ -f ${SOCK_FILE_LOCK} ];then
echo "MySQL ${PORT} is stop..."
kill $(cat /mysql/${PORT}/tmp/mysql.sock.lock)
count=0
while [ $count -ne 60 ]
do
((count++))
# echo $count
sleep 1
if [ ! -f ${SOCK_FILE_LOCK} ];then
echo "MySQL ${PORT} stop success..."
break
else
echo "MySQL ${PORT} is stop..."
fi
done
else
echo "MySQL ${PORT} don"t start..."
exit 1
fi
}
case $1 in
start)
func_start;;
stop)
func_stop;;
restart)
func_stop
sleep 3
func_start
echo "MySQL ${PORT} restart success...";;
esac
只需要将PORT变量进行替换即可
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