hdparm命令使用;关闭硬盘HDDcache;硬盘读写性能测试；

Z时代
2024-01-10
分类：综合

最新需要使用硬盘做一些测试，需要使用到hdparm工具，并进行了解，并进行简要记录；

hdparm、dd、fio、都是很好的硬盘测试软件；通常使用其对硬盘信息做基本了解；

关闭硬盘写Cache用例：

hdparm -W  /dev/sdh # 查看写缓存状态；
hdparm -W  0 /dev/sdh # 关闭Cache,保证数据强一致性；放置断电时数据未落盘；
hdparm -W  1 /dev/sdh # 打开

测试磁盘和磁盘缓存读取速度：

查看磁盘信息：
fdisk -l  /dev/sdh
hdparm /dev/sdh
评估磁盘读取速度：
hdparm -t /dev/sdh
评估磁盘缓存读取速度：
hdparm -T /dev/sdh
直接测试硬盘的读性能(绕过内核页缓存)：
hdparm -tT --direct /dev/sdh
顺序写测试：
time -p  bash -c "dd if=/dev/urandom of=./dd.log bs=1M count=50000"
随机写测试(使用direct标识，绕过页缓存)：
fio -filename=randw-singlethread -fallocate=none -direct=1 -iodepth 1 -thread -rw=randwrite -ioengine=libaio -bs=32k -size=1000M -runtime=30s -numjobs=1 -name=hdparm-randwsinglethread

命令使用方法说明：

hdparm -h
hdparm - get/set hard disk parameters - version v9.43, by Mark Lord.
Usage:  hdparm  [options] [device ...]
Options:
-a   Get/set fs readahead
-A   Get/set the drive look-ahead flag (0/1)
-b   Get/set bus state (0 == off, 1 == on, 2 == tristate)
-B   Set Advanced Power Management setting (1-255)
-c   Get/set IDE 32-bit IO setting
-C   Check drive power mode status
-d   Get/set using_dma flag
-D   Enable/disable drive defect management
-E   Set cd/dvd drive speed
-f   Flush buffer cache for device on exit
-F   Flush drive write cache
-g   Display drive geometry
-h   Display terse usage information
-H   Read temperature from drive (Hitachi only)
-i   Display drive identification
-I   Detailed/current information directly from drive
-J   Get/set Western DIgital "Idle3" timeout for a WDC "Green" drive (DANGEROUS)
-k   Get/set keep_settings_over_reset flag (0/1)
-K   Set drive keep_features_over_reset flag (0/1)
-L   Set drive doorlock (0/1) (removable harddisks only)
-m   Get/set multiple sector count
-M   Get/set acoustic management (0-254, 128: quiet, 254: fast)
-n   Get/set ignore-write-errors flag (0/1)
-N   Get/set max visible number of sectors (HPA) (VERY DANGEROUS)
-p   Set PIO mode on IDE interface chipset (0,1,2,3,4,...)
-P   Set drive prefetch count
-q   Change next setting quietly
-Q   Get/set DMA queue_depth (if supported)
-r   Get/set device readonly flag (DANGEROUS to set)
-R   Get/set device write-read-verify flag
-s   Set power-up in standby flag (0/1) (DANGEROUS)
-S   Set standby (spindown) timeout
-t   Perform device read timings
-T   Perform cache read timings
-u   Get/set unmaskirq flag (0/1)
-U   Obsolete
-v   Use defaults; same as -acdgkmur for IDE drives
-V   Display program version and exit immediately
-w   Perform device reset (DANGEROUS)
-W   Get/set drive write-caching flag (0/1)
-x   Obsolete
-X   Set IDE xfer mode (DANGEROUS)
-y   Put drive in standby mode
-Y   Put drive to sleep
 -z   Re-read partition table
-Z   Disable Seagate auto-powersaving mode
--dco-freeze      Freeze/lock current device configuration until next power cycle
--dco-identify    Read/dump device configuration identify data
--dco-restore     Reset device configuration back to factory defaults
--direct          Use O_DIRECT to bypass page cache for timings
--drq-hsm-error   Crash system with a "stuck DRQ" error (VERY DANGEROUS)
--fallocate       Create a file without writing data to disk
--fibmap          Show device extents (and fragmentation) for a file
 --fwdownload            Download firmware file to drive (EXTREMELY DANGEROUS)
--fwdownload-mode3      Download firmware using min-size segments (EXTREMELY DANGEROUS)
--fwdownload-mode3-max  Download firmware using max-size segments (EXTREMELY DANGEROUS)
--fwdownload-mode7      Download firmware using a single segment (EXTREMELY DANGEROUS)
--idle-immediate  Idle drive immediately
--idle-unload     Idle immediately and unload heads
--Istdin          Read identify data from stdin as ASCII hex
--Istdout         Write identify data to stdout as ASCII hex
--make-bad-sector Deliberately corrupt a sector directly on the media (VERY DANGEROUS)
--offset          use with -t, to begin timings at given offset (in GiB) from start of drive
--prefer-ata12    Use 12-byte (instead of 16-byte) SAT commands when possible
--read-sector     Read and dump (in hex) a sector directly from the media
--repair-sector   Alias for the --write-sector option (VERY DANGEROUS)
--security-help   Display help for ATA security commands
--trim-sector-ranges        Tell SSD firmware to discard unneeded data sectors: lba:count ..
--trim-sector-ranges-stdin  Same as above, but reads lba:count pairs from stdin
--verbose         Display extra diagnostics from some commands
--write-sector    Repair/overwrite a (possibly bad) sector directly on the media (VERY DANGEROUS)