SpringBoot系列JPA错误姿势之Entity映射

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SpringBoot 系列 JPA 错误姿势之 Entity 映射

本篇为 JPA 错误使用姿势第二篇,java 的 POJO 类与数据库表结构的映射关系,除了驼峰命名映射为下划线之外,还会有什么别的坑么?

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I. 映射问题

1. 项目基本配置

首先搭建基本的 springboot + jpa 项目, 我们使用的 springboot 版本为2.2.1.RELEASE,mysql 版本 5+

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>mysql</groupId>

<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>

</dependency>

项目配置文件application.properties

## DataSource

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/story?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&useSSL=false

spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

spring.datasource.username=root

spring.datasource.password=

spring.jpa.database=MYSQL

spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=none

spring.jpa.show-sql=true

spring.jackson.serialization.indent_output=true

spring.jpa.hibernate.naming.physical-strategy=org.hibernate.boot.model.naming.PhysicalNamingStrategyStandardImpl

表结构

CREATE TABLE `meta_group` (

`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

`group` varchar(32) NOT NULL DEFAULT "" COMMENT "分组",

`profile` varchar(32) NOT NULL DEFAULT "" COMMENT "profile 目前用在应用环境 取值 dev/test/pro",

`desc` varchar(64) NOT NULL DEFAULT "" COMMENT "解释说明",

`deleted` int(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT "0" COMMENT "0表示有效 1表示无效",

`create_time` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT "创建时间",

`update_time` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT "修改时间",

PRIMARY KEY (`id`),

KEY `group_profile` (`group`,`profile`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COMMENT="业务配置分组表";

2. 错误 case

java 变量命名推荐的是驼峰命名方式,因此与数据库中字段的下划线方式需要关联映射,通过 jpa 的相关知识学习,我们知道可以使用@Column注解来处理,所以有下面这种写法

@Data

@Entity

@Table(name = "meta_group")

public class ErrorMetaGroupPo {

@Id

@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)

private Integer id;

@Column(name = "group")

private String group;

@Column(name = "profile")

private String profile;

@Column(name = "desc")

private String desc;

@Column(name = "deleted")

private Integer deleted;

@Column(name = "create_time")

private Timestamp createTime;

@Column(name = "update_time")

private Timestamp updateTime;

}

从命名上就可以看出上面这种 case 是错误的,那么到底是什么问题呢?

先写一个对应的 Repository 来实测一下

public interface ErrorGroupJPARepository extends JpaRepository<ErrorMetaGroupPo, Integer> {

}

测试代码

@Component

public class GroupManager {

@Autowired

private ErrorGroupJPARepository errorGroupJPARepository;

public void test() {

String group = UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0, 4);

String profile = "dev";

String desc = "测试jpa异常case!";

try {

int id = addGroup1(group, profile, desc);

System.out.println("add1: " + id);

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

public Integer addGroup1(String group, String profile, String desc) {

ErrorMetaGroupPo jpa = new ErrorMetaGroupPo();

jpa.setGroup("add1: " + group);

jpa.setDesc(desc);

jpa.setProfile(profile);

jpa.setDeleted(0);

Timestamp timestamp = Timestamp.from(Instant.now());

jpa.setCreateTime(timestamp);

jpa.setUpdateTime(timestamp);

ErrorMetaGroupPo res = errorGroupJPARepository.save(jpa);

return res.getId();

}

}

从输出结果来看,提示的是 sql 异常,why?

  • group,desc 为关键字,拼 sql 的时候需要用反引号包裹起来

3. 正确姿势一

第一种正确使用姿势,直接在@column的 name 中,添加反引号包裹起来

@Data

@Entity

@Table(name = "meta_group")

public class MetaGroupPO {

@Id

@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)

private Integer id;

@Column(name = "`group`")

private String group;

@Column(name = "`profile`")

private String profile;

@Column(name = "`desc`")

private String desc;

@Column(name = "`deleted`")

private Integer deleted;

@Column(name = "`create_time`")

private Timestamp createTime;

@Column(name = "`update_time`")

private Timestamp updateTime;

}

4. 正确姿势二

除了上面的 case 之外,还有另外一种通用的方式,实现自定义的PhysicalNamingStrategy,实现字段映射

比如我们自定义JpaNamingStrategyStandardImpl继承自默认的PhysicalNamingStrategyStandardImpl策略,然后在字段名中,对于没有引号的包裹的字段名主动添加一个反引号

public class JpaNamingStrategyStandardImpl extends PhysicalNamingStrategyStandardImpl {

@Setter

private static int mode = 0;

@Override

public Identifier toPhysicalColumnName(Identifier name, JdbcEnvironment context) {

if (mode == 1) {

if (name.isQuoted()) {

return name;

} else {

return Identifier.toIdentifier("`" + name.getText() + "`", true);

}

} else {

return name;

}

}

}

注意使用上面的映射策略,需要修改配置文件(application.properties)

spring.jpa.hibernate.naming.physical-strategy=com.git.hui.boot.jpacase.strategy.JpaNamingStrategyStandardImpl

测试 case

@SpringBootApplication

public class Application {

public Application(GroupManager groupManager) {

groupManager.test();

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

JpaNamingStrategyStandardImpl.setMode(1);

SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);

}

}

@Component

public class GroupManager {

@Autowired

private ErrorGroupJPARepository errorGroupJPARepository;

@Autowired

private GroupJPARepository groupJPARepository;

public void test() {

String group = UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0, 4);

String profile = "dev";

String desc = "测试jpa异常case!";

try {

int id = addGroup1(group, profile, desc);

System.out.println("add1: " + errorGroupJPARepository.findById(id));

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

try {

int id2 = addGroup2(group, profile, desc);

System.out.println("add2: " + groupJPARepository.findById(id2));

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

public Integer addGroup1(String group, String profile, String desc) {

ErrorMetaGroupPo jpa = new ErrorMetaGroupPo();

jpa.setGroup("add1: " + group);

jpa.setDesc(desc);

jpa.setProfile(profile);

jpa.setDeleted(0);

Timestamp timestamp = Timestamp.from(Instant.now());

jpa.setCreateTime(timestamp);

jpa.setUpdateTime(timestamp);

ErrorMetaGroupPo res = errorGroupJPARepository.save(jpa);

return res.getId();

}

public Integer addGroup2(String group, String profile, String desc) {

MetaGroupPO jpa = new MetaGroupPO();

jpa.setGroup("add2: " + group);

jpa.setDesc(desc);

jpa.setProfile(profile);

jpa.setDeleted(0);

Timestamp timestamp = Timestamp.from(Instant.now());

jpa.setCreateTime(timestamp);

jpa.setUpdateTime(timestamp);

MetaGroupPO res = groupJPARepository.save(jpa);

return res.getId();

}

}

执行之后输出:

II. 其他

0. 项目&关联博文

推荐博文

  • 190612-SpringBoot 系列教程 JPA 之基础环境搭建
  • 190614-SpringBoot 系列教程 JPA 之新增记录使用姿势
  • 190623-SpringBoot 系列教程 JPA 之 update 使用姿势
  • 190702-SpringBoot 系列教程 JPA 之 delete 使用姿势详解
  • 190717-SpringBoot 系列教程 JPA 之 query 使用姿势详解之基础篇
  • 191218-SpringBoot 系列教程 JPA 错误姿势之环境配置问题

源码

  • 工程:https://github.com/liuyueyi/spring-boot-demo
  • 项目: https://github.com/liuyueyi/spring-boot-demo/blob/master/spring-boot/102-jpa-errorcase2

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