kubernetes搭建（可访问外网环境部署）

Z时代
2024-01-10
分类：综合

本文链接地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/wannengachao/p/11937368.html

一、前期环境准备

三台服务器资源即可部署：1台master、2台node。（使用VMware即可部署）

1.内存2G以上、硬盘30G以上、cpu2核以上

2.主机可以访问外网。（如使用vmware部署，网络选择NAT模式即可）

3.所有服务器时间保持一致。（可配置ntp时间同步）

4.关闭swap分区：

临时关闭：swapoff -a

永久关闭：

[root@chushi ~]# vi /etc/fstab

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Mon Nov 25 11:30:42 2019
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under "/dev/disk"
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos-root / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=014cea5b-23d5-4d08-955c-de294f604c24 /boot xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap swap defaults 0 0

将 /dev/mapper/centos-swap swap swap defaults 0 0 注释掉即可

4.关闭防火墙：

临时关闭：systemctl stop firewalld.service

永久关闭：systemctl disable firewalld.service

5.关闭selinux机制

临时关闭：setenforce 0

永久关闭：

修改/etc/selinux/config 文件

将SELINUX=enforcing改为SELINUX=disabled

重启机器即可

6.在master节点上增加主机名称解析

#vi /etc/hosts

192.x.x.x master （名字根据主机实际名称填写）
192.x.x.x node1
192.x.x.x node2

7.将桥接ipv4流量传递到iptables链路

7.1 临时修改

#cat << EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf

> net.bridge.bridge-cf-call-ip6tables = 1
> net.bridge.bridge-cf-call-iptables = 1
> EOF

7.2 修改后依次执行：

sysctl --system

systemctl daemon-reload

7.3 永久修改：

[root@chushi ~]# vi /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf

# Kernel sysctl configuration file

#
# For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled. See sysctl(8) and
# sysctl.conf(5) for more details.

# Disable netfilter on bridges.
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0 #将0修改为1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0 #将0修改为1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0

7.4 修改后依次执行：

sysctl --system

systemctl daemon-reload （在此步骤可能会报错：[警告IsDockerSystemdCheck]：检测到“cgroupfs”作为Docker cgroup驱动程序。推荐的驱动程序是“systemd”。详见下图）

解决：更换驱动，在/etc/docker下创建daemon.json

touch /etc/docker/daemon.json

daemon.json添加内容见下：

{

"exec-opts":["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]

}

二、为所有服务器安装docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl

1、安装docker

获取docker的repo：

wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d/ https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

安装docker：

yum -y install docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7

启动docker，并设置开机自启动：

systemctl start docker

systemctl enable docker

2、配置阿里云kubernetes yum源：

#vi /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg

查看（开启的）资源库：yum repolist

3、为node与master安装kubeadm、kubelet、kubelet：

yum -y install kubeadm-1.15.0 kubelet-1.15.0 kubectl-1.15.0

设置kubelet为开机自启动：

systemctl enable kubelet

三、部署master

1、初始化kubeadm init：

kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.1.7 --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version v1.15.0 --service-cidr=10.1.0.0/16 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

注释： --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.1.7 为masterIP， --service-cidr=10.1.0.0/16 为serviceIP段可自定义， --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 为podIP段可自定义。

执行初始后会生成一个token CA 见下图，此token会在后面使用到记得保存：

2.创建kubernetes用户（root即可）

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

查看master是否部署并加入到集群中：kubectl get node ### NoteReady目前为正常，后续安装好flannel即可为Ready状态

四、在master上部署网络插件flannel：

1.部署flannel两种方法：

1.1 通过外网获取kube-flannel.yml文件：

curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

1.2 手动创建kube-flannel.yml文件，内容见下：

---
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
name: psp.flannel.unprivileged
annotations:
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
spec:
privileged: false
volumes:
- configMap
- secret
- emptyDir
- hostPath
allowedHostPaths:
- pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d"
- pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel"
- pathPrefix: "/run/flannel"
readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
# Users and groups
runAsUser:
rule: RunAsAny
supplementalGroups:
rule: RunAsAny
fsGroup:
rule: RunAsAny
# Privilege Escalation
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false
# Capabilities
allowedCapabilities: ["NET_ADMIN"]
defaultAddCapabilities: []
requiredDropCapabilities: []
# Host namespaces
hostPID: false
hostIPC: false
hostNetwork: true
hostPorts:
- min: 0
max: 65535
# SELinux
seLinux:
# SELinux is unused in CaaSP
rule: "RunAsAny"
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups: ["extensions"]
resources: ["podsecuritypolicies"]
verbs: ["use"]
resourceNames: ["psp.flannel.unprivileged"]
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- pods
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/status
verbs:
- patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: flannel
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
data:
cni-conf.json: |
{
"name": "cbr0",
"cniVersion": "0.3.1",
"plugins": [
{
"type": "flannel",
"delegate": {
"hairpinMode": true,
"isDefaultGateway": true
}
},
{
"type": "portmap",
"capabilities": {
"portMappings": true
}
}
]
}
net-conf.json: |
{
"Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
"Backend": {
"Type": "vxlan"
}
}
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-amd64
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- amd64
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-arm64
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- arm64
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-arm
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- arm
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-ppc64le
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- ppc64le
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-s390x
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- s390x
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg

2.创建flannel：

kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

docker pull lizhenliang/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64

查看 kube-system空间的flannel pod是否正常：kubectl get pods -n kube-system

查看master是否ready状态：kubectl get node

五、部署node，join到master

1.所有node节点下载flannel，此处使用上面master生成的token

kubeadm join 192.168.80.128:6443 --token j8gfcl.4cvwxla2a6x4ywn7 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:61b1ab01ca0981377b149a88a06ce13256bec3614339b64cf9366ef43d5345cd

2.登录master查看node是否加入到集群中：

kubectl get node

六、测试kubernetes

1.登录master创建deployment控制器：

kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx

2.设置nginx应用端口80映射到node上的端口对外暴漏

kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort

3.查看nginx pod及对外暴漏的node端口

kubectl get pod,svc

上图中PORT下的80:32573，80为nginx pod端口，32573为映射的对外暴漏的node端口，pod中的status状态为running即正常。

3.nginx pod running后执行kubectl get pod -o wide 查看nginx pod所在的node

4.打开浏览器输入上步骤中获取到的node IP 及端口号测试是否可以访问nginx

以上是 kubernetes搭建（可访问外网环境部署）的全部内容，来源链接： utcz.com/z/511221.html

kubernetes搭建（可访问外网环境部署）

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