python_自动查找指定目录下的文件或目录的方法
代码如下
import osdef find_file(search_path, file_type="file", filename=None, file_startswith=None, file_endswith=None, abspath=False) -> dict:
"""
查找指定目录下所有的文件(不包含以__开头和结尾的文件)或指定格式的文件,若不同目录存在相同文件名,只返回第1个文件的路径
:param search_path: 查找的目录路径
:param file_type: 查找的类型,可缺省,缺省则默认查找文件类型,可输入值:file和dir,file表示文件,dir表示目录
:param filename: 查找名称,精确匹配,可缺省,缺省则返回所有文件或目录,不可与file_startswith或file_endswith组合使用
:param file_startswith: 模糊匹配开头,可缺省,缺省则不匹配,可与file_endswith组合使用
:param file_endswith: 模糊匹配结尾,可缺省,缺省则不匹配
:param abspath: 是否返回绝对路径,默认返回相对路径
:return: 有结果返回dict类型,key为文件名,value为文件路径,无结果返None
"""
filename_path = {}
the_filename_path = {}
if abspath:
search_path = os.path.abspath(search_path)
if file_type not in ["file", "dir"]:
raise ValueError(f"file_type只能为file或dir,而输入值为{file_type}")
def __find_file(_search_path):
# 返回目录所有名称
names = os.listdir(_search_path)
find_flag = False
# 如果查找指定文件,找到就停止查找
if filename is not None and (filename in names):
path = os.path.join(_search_path, filename)
if file_type == "file" and os.path.isfile(path):
the_filename_path.setdefault(filename, path)
find_flag = True
elif file_type == "dir" and os.path.isdir(path):
the_filename_path.setdefault(filename, path)
find_flag = True
return find_flag
# 如果根目录未找到,在子目录继续查找
for name in names:
# 过滤以__开头和__结尾的目录,以及__init__.py文件
if name.startswith("__") and name.endswith("__") or name == "__init__.py":
continue
child_path = os.path.join(_search_path, name)
# 如果是文件就保存
if file_type == "file" and os.path.isfile(child_path):
if file_startswith is None and file_endswith is None:
filename_path.setdefault(name, child_path)
# 保存指定结尾的文件
elif file_startswith is not None and file_endswith is None and name.startswith(file_startswith):
filename_path.setdefault(name, child_path)
elif file_startswith is None and file_endswith is not None and name.endswith(file_endswith):
filename_path.setdefault(name, child_path)
elif file_startswith is not None and file_endswith is not None and name.startswith(file_startswith) and name.endswith(file_endswith):
filename_path.setdefault(name, child_path)
continue
if os.path.isdir(child_path):
if file_type == "dir":
if file_startswith is None and file_endswith is None:
filename_path.setdefault(name, child_path)
# 保存指定结尾的文件
elif file_startswith is not None and file_endswith is None and name.startswith(file_startswith):
filename_path.setdefault(name, child_path)
elif file_startswith is None and file_endswith is not None and name.endswith(file_endswith):
filename_path.setdefault(name, child_path)
elif file_startswith is not None and file_endswith is not None and name.startswith(file_startswith) and name.endswith(file_endswith):
filename_path.setdefault(name, child_path)
_result = __find_file(child_path)
if _result is True:
return _result
result = __find_file(search_path)
if filename is None:
if filename_path:
return filename_path
if filename is not None:
if result is True:
return the_filename_path
目录结构
用法演示
if __name__ == '__main__':# 目录下不存在文件时
start_path = r".\二级目录"
ret = find_file(start_path)
print("目录下不存在文件时:%s" % ret)
assert ret is None
print("="*60)
start_path = r".\一级目录"
# 查找所有文件或目录
ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="file")
print("查找所有文件:%s" % ret)
assert len(ret) == 4
ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="dir")
print("查找所有目录:%s" % ret)
assert len(ret) == 4
print("="*60)
# 查找指定开始的所有文件
ret = find_file(start_path, file_startswith="次级")
print("查找指定开始的文件:%s" % ret)
assert "次级目录1中的文件.py" in ret
ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="file", file_startswith="哈哈")
print("查找指定开始的文件不存在时:%s" % ret)
assert ret is None
print("="*60)
# 查找指定结尾的所有文件
ret = find_file(start_path, file_endswith="txt")
print("查找指定结尾的文件:%s" % ret)
assert "一级目录的文件.txt" in ret
ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="file", file_endswith="哈哈")
print("查找指定结尾的文件不存在时:%s" % ret)
assert ret is None
print("="*60)
# 查找指定开头和指定结尾的所有文件
ret = find_file(start_path, file_startswith="次级", file_endswith="txt")
print("查找指定开头和指定结尾的所有文件:%s" % ret)
assert "次级目录2中的文件.txt" == list(ret.keys())[0]
ret = find_file(start_path, file_startswith="呵呵", file_endswith="txt")
print("查找指定开始不存在,指定结尾存在时:%s" % ret)
assert ret is None
ret = find_file(start_path, file_startswith="次级", file_endswith="哈哈")
print("查找指定开始存在,指定结尾不存在时:%s" % ret)
assert ret is None
ret = find_file(start_path, file_startswith="呵呵", file_endswith="哈哈")
print("查找指定开始和指定结尾都不存在时:%s" % ret)
assert ret is None
print("="*60)
# 查找指定开始的所有文件
ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="dir", file_startswith="次级")
print("查找指定开始的文件:%s" % ret)
assert "次级目录1中的三级目录" in ret
ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="dir", file_startswith="哈哈")
print("查找指定开始的文件不存在时:%s" % ret)
assert ret is None
print("="*60)
# 查找指定结尾的所有目录
ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="dir", file_endswith="目录")
print("查找指定结尾的目录:%s" % ret)
assert len(ret) == 2
ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="dir", file_endswith="哈哈")
print("查找指定结尾的目录不存在时:%s" % ret)
assert ret is None
print("="*60)
# 查找指定开头和指定结尾的所有目录
ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="dir", file_startswith="次级", file_endswith="目录")
print("查找指定开头和指定结尾的所有文件:%s" % ret)
assert "次级目录2中的目录" in ret
ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="dir", file_startswith="呵呵", file_endswith="目录")
print("查找指定开始不存在,指定结尾存在时:%s" % ret)
assert ret is None
ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="dir", file_startswith="次级", file_endswith="哈哈")
print("查找指定开始存在,指定结尾不存在时:%s" % ret)
assert ret is None
ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="dir", file_startswith="呵呵", file_endswith="哈哈")
print("查找指定开始和指定结尾都不存在时:%s" % ret)
assert ret is None
print("="*60)
# 查找指定文件
ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="file", filename="三级目录中的文件.yaml")
print("查找指定文件:%s" % ret)
assert len(ret) == 1
ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="file", filename="asd")
print("查找不存在的文件:%s" % ret)
assert ret is None
ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="file", filename="次级目录1中的三级目录")
print("以文件类型去查找已存在文件:%s" % ret)
assert ret is None
print("=" * 60)
# 查找指定目录
ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="dir", filename="次级目录1中的三级目录")
print("查找指定目录:%s" % ret)
assert len(ret) == 1
ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="dir", filename="asd")
print("查找不存在的目录:%s" % ret)
assert ret is None
ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="dir", filename="三级目录中的文件.yaml")
print("以目录类型去查找已存在文件:%s" % ret)
assert ret is None
演示结果
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