OPENCV去除小连通区域,去除孔洞的实例讲解

一、对于二值图,0代表黑色,255代表白色。去除小连通区域与孔洞,小连通区域用8邻域,孔洞用4邻域。

函数名字为:void RemoveSmallRegion(Mat &Src, Mat &Dst,int AreaLimit, int CheckMode, int NeihborMode)

CheckMode: 0代表去除黑区域,1代表去除白区域; NeihborMode:0代表4邻域,1代表8邻域;

如果去除小连通区域CheckMode=1,NeihborMode=1去除孔洞CheckMode=0,NeihborMode=0

记录每个像素点检验状态的标签,0代表未检查,1代表正在检查,2代表检查不合格(需要反转颜色),3代表检查合格或不需检查 。

1.先对整个图像扫描,如果是去除小连通区域,则将黑色的背景图作为合格,像素值标记为3,如果是去除孔洞,则将白色的色素点作为合格,像素值标记为3。

2.扫面整个图像,对图像进行处理。

void RemoveSmallRegion(Mat &Src, Mat &Dst,int AreaLimit, int CheckMode, int NeihborMode)

{

int RemoveCount = 0;

//新建一幅标签图像初始化为0像素点,为了记录每个像素点检验状态的标签,0代表未检查,1代表正在检查,2代表检查不合格(需要反转颜色),3代表检查合格或不需检查

//初始化的图像全部为0,未检查

Mat PointLabel = Mat::zeros(Src.size(), CV_8UC1);

if (CheckMode == 1)//去除小连通区域的白色点

{

cout << "去除小连通域.";

for (int i = 0; i < Src.rows; i++)

{

for (int j = 0; j < Src.cols; j++)

{

if (Src.at<uchar>(i, j) < 10)

{

PointLabel.at<uchar>(i, j) = 3;//将背景黑色点标记为合格,像素为3

}

}

}

}

else//去除孔洞,黑色点像素

{

cout << "去除孔洞";

for (int i = 0; i < Src.rows; i++)

{

for (int j = 0; j < Src.cols; j++)

{

if (Src.at<uchar>(i, j) > 10)

{

PointLabel.at<uchar>(i, j) = 3;//如果原图是白色区域,标记为合格,像素为3

}

}

}

}

vector<Point2i>NeihborPos;//将邻域压进容器

NeihborPos.push_back(Point2i(-1, 0));

NeihborPos.push_back(Point2i(1, 0));

NeihborPos.push_back(Point2i(0, -1));

NeihborPos.push_back(Point2i(0, 1));

if (NeihborMode == 1)

{

cout << "Neighbor mode: 8邻域." << endl;

NeihborPos.push_back(Point2i(-1, -1));

NeihborPos.push_back(Point2i(-1, 1));

NeihborPos.push_back(Point2i(1, -1));

NeihborPos.push_back(Point2i(1, 1));

}

else cout << "Neighbor mode: 4邻域." << endl;

int NeihborCount = 4 + 4 * NeihborMode;

int CurrX = 0, CurrY = 0;

//开始检测

for (int i = 0; i < Src.rows; i++)

{

for (int j = 0; j < Src.cols; j++)

{

if (PointLabel.at<uchar>(i, j) == 0)//标签图像像素点为0,表示还未检查的不合格点

{ //开始检查

vector<Point2i>GrowBuffer;//记录检查像素点的个数

GrowBuffer.push_back(Point2i(j, i));

PointLabel.at<uchar>(i, j) = 1;//标记为正在检查

int CheckResult = 0;

for (int z = 0; z < GrowBuffer.size(); z++)

{

for (int q = 0; q < NeihborCount; q++)

{

CurrX = GrowBuffer.at(z).x + NeihborPos.at(q).x;

CurrY = GrowBuffer.at(z).y + NeihborPos.at(q).y;

if (CurrX >= 0 && CurrX<Src.cols&&CurrY >= 0 && CurrY<Src.rows) //防止越界

{

if (PointLabel.at<uchar>(CurrY, CurrX) == 0)

{

GrowBuffer.push_back(Point2i(CurrX, CurrY)); //邻域点加入buffer

PointLabel.at<uchar>(CurrY, CurrX) = 1; //更新邻域点的检查标签,避免重复检查

}

}

}

}

if (GrowBuffer.size()>AreaLimit) //判断结果(是否超出限定的大小),1为未超出,2为超出

CheckResult = 2;

else

{

CheckResult = 1;

RemoveCount++;//记录有多少区域被去除

}

for (int z = 0; z < GrowBuffer.size(); z++)

{

CurrX = GrowBuffer.at(z).x;

CurrY = GrowBuffer.at(z).y;

PointLabel.at<uchar>(CurrY,CurrX)+=CheckResult;//标记不合格的像素点,像素值为2

}

//********结束该点处的检查**********

}

}

}

CheckMode = 255 * (1 - CheckMode);

//开始反转面积过小的区域

for (int i = 0; i < Src.rows; ++i)

{

for (int j = 0; j < Src.cols; ++j)

{

if (PointLabel.at<uchar>(i,j)==2)

{

Dst.at<uchar>(i, j) = CheckMode;

}

else if (PointLabel.at<uchar>(i, j) == 3)

{

Dst.at<uchar>(i, j) = Src.at<uchar>(i, j);

}

}

}

cout << RemoveCount << " objects removed." << endl;

}

调用函数:dst是原来的二值图。

Mat erzhi1 = Mat::zeros(srcImage.rows, srcImage.cols, CV_8UC1);

RemoveSmallRegion(dst, erzhi,100, 1, 1);

RemoveSmallRegion(erzhi, erzhi,100, 0, 0);

imshow("erzhi1", erzhi);

和之前的图像相比

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