TypeError:“字节”类型的对象不可JSON序列化

我刚刚开始编程Python。我想使用scrapy创建一个bot,它显示TypeError:运行项目时,“字节”类型的对象不可JSON序列化。

import json

import codecs

class W3SchoolPipeline(object):

def __init__(self):

self.file = codecs.open('w3school_data_utf8.json', 'wb', encoding='utf-8')

def process_item(self, item, spider):

line = json.dumps(dict(item)) + '\n'

# print line

self.file.write(line.decode("unicode_escape"))

return item

from scrapy.spiders import Spider

from scrapy.selector import Selector

from w3school.items import W3schoolItem

class W3schoolSpider(Spider):

name = "w3school"

allowed_domains = ["w3school.com.cn"]

start_urls = [

"http://www.w3school.com.cn/xml/xml_syntax.asp"

]

def parse(self, response):

sel = Selector(response)

sites = sel.xpath('//div[@id="navsecond"]/div[@id="course"]/ul[1]/li')

items = []

for site in sites:

item = W3schoolItem()

title = site.xpath('a/text()').extract()

link = site.xpath('a/@href').extract()

desc = site.xpath('a/@title').extract()

item['title'] = [t.encode('utf-8') for t in title]

item['link'] = [l.encode('utf-8') for l in link]

item['desc'] = [d.encode('utf-8') for d in desc]

items.append(item)

return items

Traceback:

TypeError: Object of type 'bytes' is not JSON serializable

2017-06-23 01:41:15 [scrapy.core.scraper] ERROR: Error processing {'desc': [b'\x

e4\xbd\xbf\xe7\x94\xa8 XSLT \xe6\x98\xbe\xe7\xa4\xba XML'],

'link': [b'/xml/xml_xsl.asp'],

'title': [b'XML XSLT']}

Traceback (most recent call last):

File

"c:\users\administrator\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-p

ackages\twisted\internet\defer.py", line 653, in _runCallbacks

current.result = callback(current.result, *args, **kw)

File "D:\LZZZZB\w3school\w3school\pipelines.py", line 19, in process_item

line = json.dumps(dict(item)) + '\n'

File

"c:\users\administrator\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\json\_

_init__.py", line 231, in dumps

return _default_encoder.encode(obj)

File

"c:\users\administrator\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\json\e

ncoder.py", line 199, in encode

chunks = self.iterencode(o, _one_shot=True)

File

"c:\users\administrator\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\json\e

ncoder.py", line 257, in iterencode

return _iterencode(o, 0)

File

"c:\users\administrator\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\

json\encoder.py", line 180, in default

o.__class__.__name__)

TypeError: Object of type 'bytes' is not JSON serializable

回答:

bytes自己创建这些对象:

item['title'] = [t.encode('utf-8') for t in title]

item['link'] = [l.encode('utf-8') for l in link]

item['desc'] = [d.encode('utf-8') for d in desc]

items.append(item)

其中的每个t.encode()l.encode()d.encode()调用都会创建一个bytes字符串。请勿执行此操作,将其保留为JSON格式以将其序列化。

接下来,你将犯其他几个错误。你在不需要的地方编码过多。将其留给json模块和由调用返回的标准文件对象open()以处理编码。

你也不需要将items列表转换为字典;它已经是可以直接进行JSON编码的对象:

class W3SchoolPipeline(object):    

def __init__(self):

self.file = open('w3school_data_utf8.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8')

def process_item(self, item, spider):

line = json.dumps(item) + '\n'

self.file.write(line)

return item

我猜你遵循的是一个假定使用Python 2的教程,而你使用的是Python 3。我强烈建议你找到其他教程;它不仅是为过时的Python版本编写的,而且还倡导line.decode('unicode_escape')它正在教一些极端不良的习惯,这些习惯会导致难以跟踪的错误。

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