在Python中使用SFTP上传文件，但如果路径不存在，则创建目录

Z时代
2024-01-10
分类：问答

我想使用Python在远程服务器上上传文件。我想事先检查远程路径是否确实存在，如果不存在，请创建它。用伪代码：

if(remote_path not exist):
    create_path(remote_path)
upload_file(local_file, remote_path)

我正在考虑在Paramiko中执行命令来创建路径（例如mkdir -p remote_path）。我想出了这个：

# I didn't test this code
import paramiko, sys
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.connect(myhost, 22, myusername, mypassword)
ssh.exec_command('mkdir -p ' + remote_path)
ssh.close
transport = paramiko.Transport((myhost, 22))
transport.connect(username = myusername, password = mypassword)
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
sftp.put(local_path, remote_path)
sftp.close()
transport.close()

但是这种解决方案对我来说听起来不太好，因为我先关闭了连接，然后再次重新打开。有更好的方法吗？

回答：

SFTP支持常用的FTP命令（chdir，mkdir等），因此请使用以下命令：

sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
try:
    sftp.chdir(remote_path)  # Test if remote_path exists
except IOError:
    sftp.mkdir(remote_path)  # Create remote_path
    sftp.chdir(remote_path)
sftp.put(local_path, '.')    # At this point, you are in remote_path in either case
sftp.close()

要完全仿真mkdir -p，您可以递归地遍历remote_path：

import os.path
def mkdir_p(sftp, remote_directory):
    """Change to this directory, recursively making new folders if needed.
    Returns True if any folders were created."""
    if remote_directory == '/':
        # absolute path so change directory to root
        sftp.chdir('/')
        return
    if remote_directory == '':
        # top-level relative directory must exist
        return
    try:
        sftp.chdir(remote_directory) # sub-directory exists
    except IOError:
        dirname, basename = os.path.split(remote_directory.rstrip('/'))
        mkdir_p(sftp, dirname) # make parent directories
        sftp.mkdir(basename) # sub-directory missing, so created it
        sftp.chdir(basename)
        return True
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
mkdir_p(sftp, remote_path) 
sftp.put(local_path, '.')    # At this point, you are in remote_path
sftp.close()