MySQL：添加约束（如果不存在）

  • Z时代
  • 2024-01-10
  • 分类：问答

在我的数据库创建脚本中，创建脚本如下所示：

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `rabbits`
(
    `id` INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    `name` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    `main_page_id` INT UNSIGNED COMMENT 'What page is the main one',
    PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
    KEY `main_page_id` (`main_page_id`)
)
ENGINE=InnoDB;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `rabbit_pages`
(
    `id` INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    `rabbit_id` INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
    `title` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    `content` TEXT NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
    KEY `rabbit_id` (`rabbit_id`),
    CONSTRAINT `fk_rabbits_pages` FOREIGN KEY (`rabbit_id`) REFERENCES `rabbits` (`id`)
)
ENGINE=InnoDB;
ALTER TABLE `rabbits`
    ADD CONSTRAINT `fk_rabbits_main_page` FOREIGN KEY (`main_page_id`) REFERENCES `rabbit_pages` (`id`);

第一次运行良好，但是如果我再次运行，它将在最后一行失败，并带有“写入或更新时复制密钥”。

有什么办法可以做类似的ADD CONSTRAINT IF NOT EXISTS事情吗？就像我可以使用CREATE TABLE查询吗？

回答：

有趣的问题。您可能需要在调用CREATE TABLE语句之前禁用外键，然后再启用它们。这将允许您直接在CREATE TABLEDDL中定义外键：

例：

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `rabbits` (
    `id` INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    `name` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    `main_page_id` INT UNSIGNED COMMENT 'What page is the main one',
    PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
    KEY `main_page_id` (`main_page_id`),
    CONSTRAINT `fk_rabbits_main_page` FOREIGN KEY (`main_page_id`) REFERENCES `rabbit_pages` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `rabbit_pages` (
    `id` INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    `rabbit_id` INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
    `title` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    `content` TEXT NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
    KEY `rabbit_id` (`rabbit_id`),
    CONSTRAINT `fk_rabbits_pages` FOREIGN KEY (`rabbit_id`) REFERENCES `rabbits` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.16 sec)
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

测试用例：

INSERT INTO rabbits (name, main_page_id) VALUES ('bobby', NULL);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
INSERT INTO rabbit_pages (rabbit_id, title, content) VALUES (1, 'My Main Page', 'Hello');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
SELECT * FROM rabbits;
+----+-------+--------------+
| id | name  | main_page_id |
+----+-------+--------------+
|  1 | bobby | NULL         |
+----+-------+--------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
SELECT * FROM rabbit_pages;
+----+-----------+--------------+---------+
| id | rabbit_id | title        | content |
+----+-----------+--------------+---------+
|  1 |         1 | My Main Page | Hello   |
+----+-----------+--------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
UPDATE rabbits SET main_page_id = 2 WHERE id = 1;
ERROR 1452 (23000): A foreign key constraint fails
UPDATE rabbits SET main_page_id = 1 WHERE id = 1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0
UPDATE rabbit_pages SET rabbit_id = 2 WHERE id = 1;
ERROR 1452 (23000): A foreign key constraint fails

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