将带有alpha beta修剪的minimax转换为negamax
我写了一个极大极小算法与α+β修剪为游戏跳棋,现在我想使用重写它negamax方法。我期望两者是相等的,因为negamax只是一种写minimax的技术。但是由于某种原因,我的两种算法的行为有所不同。当我在相同的输入上运行它们时,negamax版本似乎可以评估更多状态,因此我认为alpha
beta修剪一定有问题。
下面的代码同时显示了算法(minimax
和negamax
函数),并在底部显示了play
我从中调用它们的函数。该evaluate
函数是我用来评估两种算法中状态的基本启发式方法。
发现错误的任何帮助将不胜枚举。
#include "player.hpp"#include <algorithm>
#include <limits>
#include <cstdlib>
namespace checkers
{
int evaluatedStates = 0;
int evaluate(const GameState &state)
{
// FIXME: Improve heuristics.
int redScore = 0;
int whiteScore = 0;
int piece = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= 32; ++i)
{
piece = state.at(i);
if (piece & CELL_RED) {
++redScore;
if (piece & CELL_KING)
redScore += 2; // King bonus.
} else if (piece & CELL_WHITE) {
++whiteScore;
if (piece & CELL_KING)
whiteScore += 2; // King bonus.
}
}
return state.getNextPlayer() == CELL_RED ? whiteScore - redScore : redScore - whiteScore;
}
int minimax(const GameState &state, int depth, int a, int b, bool max)
{
if (depth == 0 || state.isEOG()) {
++evaluatedStates;
return evaluate(state);
}
std::vector<GameState> possibleMoves;
state.findPossibleMoves(possibleMoves);
if (max) {
for (const GameState &move : possibleMoves) {
a = std::max(a, minimax(move, depth - 1, a, b, false));
if (b <= a)
return b; // β cutoff.
}
return a;
} else {
for (const GameState &move : possibleMoves) {
b = std::min(b, minimax(move, depth - 1, a, b, true));
if (b <= a)
return a; // α cutoff.
}
return b;
}
}
int negamax(const GameState &state, int depth, int a, int b)
{
if (depth == 0 || state.isEOG()) {
++evaluatedStates;
return evaluate(state);
}
std::vector<GameState> possibleMoves;
state.findPossibleMoves(possibleMoves);
for (const GameState &move : possibleMoves) {
a = std::max(a, -negamax(move, depth - 1, -b, -a));
if (b <= a)
return b; // β cutoff.
}
return a;
}
GameState Player::play(const GameState &pState, const Deadline &pDue)
{
GameState bestMove(pState, Move());
std::vector<GameState> possibleMoves;
pState.findPossibleMoves(possibleMoves);
int a = -std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
int b = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
for (const GameState &move : possibleMoves) {
int v = negamax(move, 10, a, b);
//int v = minimax(move, 10, a, b, false);
if (v > a) {
a = v;
bestMove = move;
}
}
std::cerr << "Evaluated states: " << evaluatedStates << std::endl;
return bestMove;
}
/*namespace checkers*/ }
回答:
您的minimax()
和negamax()
功能正确。我认为那state.getNextPlayer()
将返回下一个要移动的玩家。这意味着您evaluate()
和negamax()
函数从该玩家的角度返回分数。
但是,minimax()
从的角度返回分数max
。所以,如果你尝试在取消minimax()
在你的play()
功能,这将导致一个错误
//int v = negamax(move, 10, a, b);int v = minimax(move, 10, a, b, false); // assumes perspective of min player
^^^^^
if (v > a) { // assumes perspective of max player
a = v;
bestMove = move;
}
minimax()
用true
参数替换对的调用应该可以解决该问题:
int v = minimax(move, 10, a, b, true); // assumes perspective of max player
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