Nginx反向代理及负载均衡如何实现(基于linux)

Z时代
2024-01-10
分类：IT

这里来试验下nginx的反向代理。

反向代理（Reverse Proxy）方式是指以代理服务器来接受internet上的连接请求，然后将请求转发给内部网络上的服务器，并将从服务器上得到的结果返回给internet上请求连接的客户端，此时代理服务器对外就表现为一个反向代理服务器。

在我们的java项目中的体现就是，通过80端口访问，Nginx接收到，然后进行转发给tomcat服务器，再将服务器的结果给返回。

这里需要修改nginx.conf文件。


upstream backend {
  #代理的IP weight权重大的，接收的访问量就大，反之
  server localhost:8084 weight=50;
  server localhost:8088 weight=50;
}

将接收的请求进行转发：


# / 所有做负载均衡 + 反向代理
    location / {
      root  /data/wwwroot1;
      index index.html index.htm;#索引文件
      proxy_pass  http://backend;
    }

这样，通过请求nginx的请求，就可以被分配转发到tomcat上去。这里我是定义了两台tomcat服务器，同时用来做负载均衡的处理。通过设置weight，可以控制访问量。

具体配置代码如下；


#user nobody;
# worker 工作进程 一般设置 CPU数 * 核数
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid    logs/nginx.pid;
# 设置连接特性
events {
  worker_connections 1024;#1个worker产生多少个连接数
}
# 配置HTTP服务器的主要段
http {
  include    mime.types;
  default_type application/octet-stream;
  log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
  #         '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
  #         '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
  #access_log logs/access.log main;
  sendfile    on;
  #tcp_nopush   on;
  #keepalive_timeout 0;
  keepalive_timeout 65;
  #gzip压缩功能设置
  gzip on;
  gzip_min_length 1k;
  gzip_buffers 4 16k;
  gzip_http_version 1.0;
  gzip_comp_level 6;
  gzip_types text/plain text/css text/javascript application/json application/javascript application/x-javascript application/xml;
  gzip_vary on;
  #设定负载均衡后台服务器列表
  upstream backend {
    #代理的IP weight权重大的，接收的访问量就大，反之
    server localhost:8084 weight=50;
    server localhost:8088 weight=50;
  }
  server {
    listen    2022;
    server_name localhost;
    charset utf-8;
    access_log logs/wwwroot2.access.log main;
    location / {
      root  /data/wwwroot2;
      index index.html index.htm;#索引文件
    }
  }
  # 虚拟主机段
  server {
    listen    80;
    server_name localhost;
    root /data/wwwroot1;
    charset utf-8;
    #访问日志
    access_log logs/wwwroot1.access.log main;
    # / 所有做负载均衡 + 反向代理
    location / {
      root  /data/wwwroot1;
      index index.html index.htm;#索引文件
      proxy_pass  http://backend;
    }
    error_page 404       /404.html;
    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page  500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
      root  html;
    }
    # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #  proxy_pass  http://127.0.0.1;
    #}
    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #  root      html;
    #  fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
    #  fastcgi_index index.php;
    #  fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
    #  include    fastcgi_params;
    #}
    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    # concurs with nginx's one
    #
    #location ~ /\.ht {
    #  deny all;
    #}
  }
  # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
  #
  #server {
  #  listen    8000;
  #  listen    somename:8080;
  #  server_name somename alias another.alias;
  #  location / {
  #    root  html;
  #    index index.html index.htm;
  #  }
  #}
  # HTTPS server
  #
  #server {
  #  listen    443 ssl;
  #  server_name localhost;
  #  ssl_certificate   cert.pem;
  #  ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
  #  ssl_session_cache  shared:SSL:1m;
  #  ssl_session_timeout 5m;
  #  ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
  #  ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
  #  location / {
  #    root  html;
  #    index index.html index.htm;
  #  }
  #}
}