使用nginx模拟进行蓝绿部署的方式

这篇文章介绍一下蓝绿部署以及使用nginx如何最简单地模拟一下蓝绿部署的方式

蓝绿部署

蓝绿部署的重点在于如下特点

  • 1. 蓝色版本和绿色版本同时存在
  • 2. 实际运行的环境为蓝或则绿,只能为其中之一,通过开关控制

优点和缺点分析:优点在于它的速度和回滚。而缺点也显而易见。可以快速回滚是因为有两套环境同时存在的缘故,所以复杂度和需要的资源会增多,因为其有两套环境。

另外虽然速度有所提高,但是在实现的过程中,开关的控制,无论多快的切换速度,如果不结合其他的技术,还是无法做到完全无缝切换。

模拟蓝绿部署

接下来我们使用nginx的upstream来简单模拟一下蓝绿部署的场景。具体场景如下, 当前活跃的是蓝色版本,通过调整nginx设定,将绿色版本设定为当前活跃版本。

事前准备

事前在7001/7002两个端口分别启动两个服务,用于显示不同信息,为了演示方便,使用tornado做了一个镜像,通过docker容器启动时传递的参数不同用于显示服务的不同。

docker run -d -p 7001:8080 liumiaocn/tornado:latest python /usr/local/bin/daemon.py "Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001"

docker run -d -p 7002:8080 liumiaocn/tornado:latest python /usr/local/bin/daemon.py "Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002"

执行日志

[root@kong ~]# docker run -d -p 7001:8080 liumiaocn/tornado:latest python /usr/local/bin/daemon.py "Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001"

70c74dc8e43d5635983f7240deb63a3fc0599d5474454c3bc5197aa5c0017348

[root@kong ~]# docker run -d -p 7002:8080 liumiaocn/tornado:latest python /usr/local/bin/daemon.py "Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002"

6c5c2ea322d4ac17b90feefb96e3194ec8adecedaa4c944419316a2e4bf07117

[root@kong ~]# curl http://192.168.163.117:7001

Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001

[root@kong ~]# curl http://192.168.163.117:7002

Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002

[root@kong ~]#

启动nginx

[root@kong ~]# docker run -p 9080:80 --name nginx-blue-green -d nginx

d3b7098c44890c15918dc47616b67e5e0eb0da7a443eac266dbf26d55049216a

[root@kong ~]# docker ps |grep nginx-blue-green

d3b7098c4489 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 10 seconds ago Up 9 seconds 0.0.0.0:9080->80/tcp nginx-blue-green

[root@kong ~]#

nginx代码段

准备如下nginx代码段将其添加到nginx的/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf中, 模拟方式很简单,通过down来表示流量为零(nginx中无法将weight设置为零),开始的时候100%的流量都发到蓝色版本。

http {

upstream nginx_blug_green {

server 192.168.163.117:7001 weight=100;

server 192.168.163.117:7002 down;

}

server {

listen 80;

server_name www.liumiao.cn 192.168.163.117;

location / {

proxy_pass http://nginx_blug_green;

}

}

修改default.conf的方法

可以通过在容器中安装vim达到效果,也可以在本地修改然后通过docker cp传入,或者直接sed修改都可。如果在容器中安装vim,使用如下方式即可

[root@kong ~]# docker exec -it nginx-lb sh

# apt-get update

...省略

# apt-get install vim

...省略

修改前

# cat default.conf

server {

listen 80;

server_name localhost;

#charset koi8-r;

#access_log /var/log/nginx/host.access.log main;

location / {

root /usr/share/nginx/html;

index index.html index.htm;

}

#error_page 404 /404.html;

# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html

#

error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;

location = /50x.html {

root /usr/share/nginx/html;

}

# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80

#

#location ~ \.php$ {

# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;

#}

# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000

#

#location ~ \.php$ {

# root html;

# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

# fastcgi_index index.php;

# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;

# include fastcgi_params;

#}

# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root

# concurs with nginx's one

#

#location ~ /\.ht {

# deny all;

#}

}

#

修改后

# cat default.conf

upstream nginx_blug_green {

server 192.168.163.117:7001 weight=100;

server 192.168.163.117:7002 down;

}

server {

listen 80;

server_name www.liumiao.cn 192.168.163.117;

#charset koi8-r;

#access_log /var/log/nginx/host.access.log main;

location / {

#root /usr/share/nginx/html;

#index index.html index.htm;

proxy_pass http://nginx_blug_green;

}

#error_page 404 /404.html;

# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html

#

error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;

location = /50x.html {

root /usr/share/nginx/html;

}

# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80

#

#location ~ \.php$ {

# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;

#}

# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000

#

#location ~ \.php$ {

# root html;

# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

# fastcgi_index index.php;

# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;

# include fastcgi_params;

#}

# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root

# concurs with nginx's one

#

#location ~ /\.ht {

# deny all;

#}

}

#

重新加载nginx设定

# nginx -s reload

2018/05/28 04:39:47 [notice] 321#321: signal process started

#

确认结果

10次调用全部输出的都是v1 in 7001

[root@kong ~]# cnt=0; while [ $cnt -lt 10 ]

> do

> curl http://localhost:9080

> let cnt++

> done

Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001

Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001

Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001

Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001

Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001

Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001

Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001

Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001

Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001

Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001

[root@kong ~]#

蓝绿部署:切换到绿色版本

通过调整default.conf的weight,然后执行nginx -s reload的方式,在不停止nginx服务的方式下可动态的切换到绿色版本,目标将会将全部的流量都输出v2 in 7002

修改default.conf的方法

只需要将upstream中的server的权重做如下调整:

upstream nginx_blug_green {

server 192.168.163.117:7001 down;

server 192.168.163.117:7002 weight=100;

}

重新加载nginx设定

# nginx -s reload

2018/05/28 05:01:28 [notice] 330#330: signal process started

#

确认结果

[root@kong ~]# cnt=0; while [ $cnt -lt 10 ]; do curl http://localhost:9080; let cnt++; done

Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002

Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002

Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002

Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002

Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002

Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002

Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002

Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002

Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002

Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002

[root@kong ~]#

总结

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