Android 架构之数据库框架搭建
前言:
你还在苦恼的写SQL么?你还在为数据库升级而烦恼么?你还在因查询数据而写繁琐不可用的代码么? 在这,这些都将不复存在!在本篇中,将会让你一点一滴从无到有创建一个不再为数据库而烦恼的框架。
在开始之前我们先欣赏一下本章实现的最终效果 效果展示
如图所示:
- 对应的
model
,可直接成为表结构,不再写对应的Create table xxx
对应的SQL了 - 对应
model
的Dao层,里面封装了数据表的基本操作(增删改查) - 对应的增删改查操作,再也不用SQL了,全用对象处理
接下来开始实战了
1、先创建对应相关操作的注解
1.1 bTable 标识表
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface DbTable {
//表名
String value();
}
1.2 DbPrimaryKey 标识主键
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface DbPrimaryKey {
//表列名
String value();
//是否为自动增长
boolean isAuto() default false;
}
1.3DbFiled 标识成员属性
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface DbFiled {
//表列名
String value();
/*
这里可以像主键一样,添加其他属性,比如是否唯一约束,是否非空等
甚至可以将主键的约束放在这里来,只是表明可以这样做,具体怎样扩展,完全可以按你们想法来
*/
}
2、创建对应表操作类Dao层
2.1 建 待实现的基层 IBaseDao
public interface IBaseDao<T> {
Long insert(T entity);
int update(T entity, T where);
/**
* 删除数据
*
* @param where
* @return
*/
int delete(T where);
/**
* 查询数据
*/
List<T> query(T where);
List<T> query(T where, String groupBy, String orderBy, String having, Integer startIndex,
Integer limit);
}
代码分析:
这里创建了基类 IBaseDao ,拥有待实现的增删改查, T 代表对应的 数据表结构的 model
。
2.2 建已实现的基层 BaseDao
public class BaseDao<T> implements IBaseDao<T> {
private static final String TAG = "hqk";
/**
* 持有数据库操作类的引用
*/
private SQLiteDatabase database;
/**
* 持有操作数据库表所对应的java类型
* User
*/
private Class<T> entityClass;
/**
* 保证实例化一次
*/
private boolean isInit = false;
private String tableName;
// 检查表
private HashMap<String, Field> cacheMap;
protected BaseDao() {
}
protected synchronized boolean init(Class<T> entity, SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase) {
if (!isInit) {
//初始化完了 自动建表
entityClass = entity;
database = sqLiteDatabase;
if (entity.getAnnotation(DbTable.class) == null) {
tableName = entity.getClass().getSimpleName();
} else {
tableName = entity.getAnnotation(DbTable.class).value();
}
if (!database.isOpen()) {
return false;
}
String sql = createTable();
database.execSQL(sql);
//建立好映射关系
initCacheMap();
isInit = true;
}
return true;
}
/**
* 将真实表中的列名 + 成员变量进行 映射
* 缓存对应的 表 Model里的属性名以及对应表列名
*/
private void initCacheMap() {
cacheMap = new HashMap<>();
//这里没有必要查询 对应表中的任何数据,只想要对应表列名,所以 这 limit 0
String sql = "select * from " + tableName + " limit 0";
Cursor cursor = database.rawQuery(sql, null);
String[] columnNames = cursor.getColumnNames();
Field[] columnFields = entityClass.getDeclaredFields();
//获取对应表中的列名数组,以及对应表Model里面的属性数组
for (String columnName : columnNames) {
Field resultField = null;
for (Field field : columnFields) {
//拿到对应属性的注解值
String fieldAnnotationName = field.getAnnotation(DbFiled.class).value();
//如果对应的属性注解值与数据库表列名相同,则拿到对应属性值
if (columnName.equals(fieldAnnotationName)) {
resultField = field;
break;
}
}
if (resultField != null) {
cacheMap.put(columnName, resultField);
}
}
}
/**
* 组装 创建表的SQL语句
*
* @return
*/
private String createTable() {
StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
//开始组装 SQL语句
stringBuffer.append("create table if not exists ");
stringBuffer.append(tableName + " (");
Field[] fields = entityClass.getDeclaredFields();
for (Field field : fields) {
Class type = field.getType();
String primaryKey = null;
try {
primaryKey = field.getAnnotation(DbPrimaryKey.class).value();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
Log.i(TAG, "createTable primaryKey " + primaryKey);
Log.i(TAG, "createTable type " + type);
if (type == String.class) {
if (null == primaryKey) {
stringBuffer.append(field.getAnnotation(DbFiled.class).value() + " TEXT,");
} else {
stringBuffer.append(field.getAnnotation(DbFiled.class).value() + " TEXT PRIMARY KEY,");
}
} else if (type == Double.class) {
if (null == primaryKey) {
stringBuffer.append(field.getAnnotation(DbFiled.class).value() + " DOUBLE,");
} else {
stringBuffer.append(field.getAnnotation(DbFiled.class).value() + " DOUBLE PRIMARY KEY,");
}
} else if (type == Integer.class) {
if (null == primaryKey) {
stringBuffer.append(field.getAnnotation(DbFiled.class).value() + " INTEGER,");
} else {
boolean isAuto = field.getAnnotation(DbPrimaryKey.class).isAuto();
if (isAuto) {
stringBuffer.append(field.getAnnotation(DbFiled.class).value() + " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,");
} else {
stringBuffer.append(field.getAnnotation(DbFiled.class).value() + " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,");
}
}
} else if (type == Long.class) {
if (null == primaryKey) {
stringBuffer.append(field.getAnnotation(DbFiled.class).value() + " BIGINT,");
} else {
stringBuffer.append(field.getAnnotation(DbFiled.class).value() + " BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,");
}
} else if (type == byte[].class) {
if (null == primaryKey) {
stringBuffer.append(field.getAnnotation(DbFiled.class).value() + " BLOB,");
} else {
stringBuffer.append(field.getAnnotation(DbFiled.class).value() + " BLOB PRIMARY KEY,");
}
} else {
/*
不支持的类型
*/
continue;
}
}
//循环完成后,最后一项会有 逗号 ,如果最后一个是逗号,则删除最后一个字符
if (stringBuffer.charAt(stringBuffer.length() - 1) == ',') {
stringBuffer.deleteCharAt(stringBuffer.length() - 1);
}
//SQL 语句 收尾
stringBuffer.append(")");
Log.i(TAG, "createTable: " + stringBuffer.toString());
return stringBuffer.toString();
}
@Override
public Long insert(T entity) {
Map<String, String> map = getValues(entity);
ContentValues contentValues = getContentValues(map);
return database.insert(tableName, null, contentValues);
}
/**
* 获取对应 model 属性以及对应的注解值(表列名值)
*
* @param entity 对应 表结构的model
* @return 返回 key= 列名,value=属性的值 map集合
*/
private Map<String, String> getValues(T entity) {
HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
//获取对应缓存 model 里面的属性键
Iterator<Field> fieldIterator = cacheMap.values().iterator();
while (fieldIterator.hasNext()) {
Field field = fieldIterator.next();
field.setAccessible(true);
try {
Object object = field.get(entity);
if (object == null) {
continue;
}
String value = object.toString();
String key = field.getAnnotation(DbFiled.class).value();
//遍历 取出对应 属性的值 以及对应的 注解值,并添加至Map里
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(key) && !TextUtils.isEmpty(value)) {
map.put(key, value);
}
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return map;
}
/**
* 数据库数据结构的封装
*
* @param map 带有 以表列名为键,的map
* @return 数据库需要的封装格式
*/
private ContentValues getContentValues(Map<String, String> map) {
ContentValues contentValues = new ContentValues();
Set keys = map.keySet();
Iterator<String> iterator = keys.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
String key = iterator.next();
String value = map.get(key);
if (value != null) {
contentValues.put(key, value);
}
}
return contentValues;
}
@Override
public int update(T entity, T where) {
Map values = getValues(entity);
ContentValues contentValues = getContentValues(values);
//条件
Map whereMap = getValues(where);
Condition condition = new Condition(whereMap);
return database.update(tableName, contentValues, condition.whereClause, condition.whereArgs);
}
class Condition {
String whereClause;
String[] whereArgs;
public Condition(Map<String, String> whereClause) {
boolean flag = false;
if (true && flag) {
}
ArrayList list = new ArrayList();
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
// 这里之所以先添加 1=1 这个条件 是因为
// SQL where 后面需要给条件判断,而下面 while 循环 直接添加了 and
// SQL 语句就变成了 where and 这显然不符合SQL语句
// 因此 加上 1=1 就变成了 where 1=1 and xx。起了一个呈上去下的作用
stringBuilder.append("1=1");
Set keys = whereClause.keySet();
Iterator iterator = keys.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
String key = (String) iterator.next();
String value = whereClause.get(key);
if (value != null) {
stringBuilder.append(" and " + key + " =?");
list.add(value);
}
}
this.whereClause = stringBuilder.toString();
this.whereArgs = (String[]) list.toArray(new String[list.size()]);
}
}
@Override
public int delete(T where) {
Map map = getValues(where);
Condition condition = new Condition(map);
return database.delete(tableName, condition.whereClause, condition.whereArgs);
}
@Override
public List<T> query(T where) {
return query(where, null, null, null, null, null
);
}
//所有 条件
@Override
public List<T> query(T where, String groupBy, String orderBy, String having,Integer startIndex,
Integer limit) {
String limitString=null;
if(startIndex!=null&&limit!=null)
{
limitString=startIndex+" , "+limit;
}
Map map=getValues(where);
Condition condition=new Condition(map);
Cursor cursor= database.query(tableName, null, condition.whereClause,
condition.whereArgs,
groupBy, having,
orderBy, limitString
);
// 封装 --返回
List<T> result = getResult(cursor, where);
cursor.close();
return result;
}
private List<T> getResult(Cursor cursor, T where) {
ArrayList list=new ArrayList();
Object item;
while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
try {
// cachmap ---对象中的成员变量 Filed annotion-- tb_name
//cacheMap name ---Filed 1
// tb_name ---Filed 2
item=where.getClass().newInstance();
Iterator iterator=cacheMap.entrySet().iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext())
{
Map.Entry entry= (Map.Entry) iterator.next();
//tb_name
/**
* 得到列名
*/
String colomunName= (String) entry.getKey();
// 通过列名查找到游标的索性
Integer colmunIndex= cursor.getColumnIndex(colomunName);
// Filed
//反射的成员 cursor
Field field= (Field) entry.getValue();
Class type=field.getType();
if(colmunIndex!=-1)
{
//
if (type == String.class) {
field.set(item, cursor.getString(colmunIndex));
}else if(type==Double.class)
{
field.set(item,cursor.getDouble(colmunIndex));
}else if(type==Integer.class)
{
field.set(item,cursor.getInt(colmunIndex));
}else if(type==Long.class)
{
field.set(item,cursor.getLong(colmunIndex));
}else if(type==byte[].class)
{
field.set(item,cursor.getBlob(colmunIndex));
/*
不支持的类型
*/
}else {
continue;
}
}
}
list.add(item);
} catch ( Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return list;
}
}
代码分析:
在这个BaseDao
里面,几乎分担了数据表大部分的脏活累活,根据model
结构自动生成对应SQL
并创建对应表,以及基础的增删改查操作。
2.3 建对应model 的Dao层
1.UserDao
public class UserDao<User> extends BaseDao<User> {
@Override
public Long insert(User entity) {
return super.insert(entity);
}
@Override
public List<User> query(User where) {
return super.query(where);
}
@Override
public int delete(User where) {
return super.delete(where);
}
@Override
public int update(User entity, User where) {
return super.update(entity, where);
}
@Override
public List<User> query(User where, String groupBy, String orderBy, String having, Integer startIndex, Integer limit) {
return super.query(where, groupBy, orderBy, having, startIndex, limit);
}
}
2.PhotoDao
public class PhotoDao<Photo> extends BaseDao<Photo> {
@Override
public Long insert(Photo entity) {
return super.insert(entity);
}
@Override
public int update(Photo entity, Photo where) {
return super.update(entity, where);
}
@Override
public List<Photo> query(Photo where) {
return super.query(where);
}
@Override
public int delete(Photo where) {
return super.delete(where);
}
}
代码分析:
虽然 BaseDao
已经完成了几乎所有的操作,但是一旦遇到多表查询的时候,光是一个BaseDao
远远不够。所以这里还是选择创建不同model
的Dao
层,并继承与BaseDao
。也就是说,有多少表,最好就创建对应多少个Dao层。
3、创建数据库工厂
public class BaseDaoFactory {
private final String TAG = "hqk";
private SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase;
private String sqliteDatabasePath;
private static BaseDaoFactory instance = new BaseDaoFactory();
//饿汉单例模式
public static BaseDaoFactory getInstance() {
return instance;
}
public BaseDaoFactory() {
//读者可随意更改路径以及对应数据库名,这里演示暂时放在根目录
sqliteDatabasePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath() + "/hqk.db";
sqLiteDatabase = SQLiteDatabase.openOrCreateDatabase(sqliteDatabasePath, null);
Log.i(TAG, "sqliteDatabasePath : " + sqliteDatabasePath);
Log.i(TAG, "sqLiteDatabase : " + sqLiteDatabase.getPath());
}
/**
* @param clazz
* @param entityClass
* @param <R> 我们在这可以把它看成某一个对象,它继承与 BaseDao<T> ,而里面的T 就是下面的那个空对象
* @param <T> 我们在这可以吧它看成某一个空对象 T
* @return
*/
public synchronized <R extends BaseDao<T>, T> R createBaseDao(Class<R> clazz, Class<T> entityClass) {
BaseDao baseDao = null;
try {
baseDao = clazz.newInstance();
baseDao.init(entityClass, sqLiteDatabase);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return (R) baseDao;
}
}
代码分析:
这里也没啥好分析的,就一个数据库创建,以及对应model
的初始化。唯一值得注意的就是初始化的时候用了俩个泛型,具体什么意思,可按照代码注释理解。
4、创建对应model
1.User
@DbTable("tb_user")
public class User {
@DbPrimaryKey(value = "tb_id", isAuto = true)
@DbFiled("tb_id")
public Integer id;
@DbFiled("tb_name")
public String name;//
@DbFiled("tb_age")
public Integer age;
public User(String name, Integer age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public User() {
}
}
2.Photo
@DbTable("tb_photo")
public class Photo {
@DbFiled("time")
private String time;
@DbFiled("id")
private Long id;
@DbFiled("path")
private String path;
public Photo( ) {
}
public Photo(String time, Long id, String path) {
this.time = time;
this.id = id;
this.path = path;
}
public void setTime(String time) {
this.time = time;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public void setPath(String path) {
this.path = path;
}
}
代码分析:
这俩类就是对应表结构model
类,用到了对应注解,相信通过注解能够清楚知道对应表结构是怎样的。
5、最终使用
ainActivity
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
UserDao<User> userDao;
PhotoDao<Photo> photoDao;
private ArrayList<User> listUser = new ArrayList<>();
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
requestPermission(this);
}
public void save(View view) {
User user = new User("hqk", 18);
long size = userDao.insert(user);
Photo photo = new Photo("time", System.currentTimeMillis(), "path");
long photoSize = photoDao.insert(photo);
Toast.makeText(this, "save line : " + size, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
public void update(View view) {
User where = new User();
where.setAge(18);
int size = userDao.update(new User("TOM", 99), where);
Toast.makeText(this, "update Size : " + size, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
public void delete(View view) {
User where = new User();
where.setAge(18);
int size = userDao.delete(where);
Toast.makeText(this, "delete Size : " + size, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
public void queryList(View view) {
listUser.clear();
listUser.addAll(userDao.query(new User()));
Toast.makeText(this, "查询条数为:" + listUser.size(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
public void requestPermission(
Activity activity) {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M && ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity,
Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity, new String[]{
Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
}, 1);
return;
}
createTable();
}
private void createTable() {
userDao = BaseDaoFactory.getInstance().createBaseDao(UserDao.class, User.class);
photoDao = BaseDaoFactory.getInstance().createBaseDao(PhotoDao.class, Photo.class);
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
createTable();
}
}
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