浅谈Android的Lifecycle源码分析

1. 简介

很早就听说了Google的Lifecycle组件,因为项目没有使用过,所以并没有过多的接触。不过最近看到了一篇文章,其中的一条评论提到了LiveData。恰巧这两天工作内容不多,所以赶紧研究一波!

不过在看LiveData之前,我觉得还是先看下Lifecycle吧(Lifecycle更像是LiveData的基础)。

2. Lifecycle的简单介绍

Lifecycle的介绍,我们还是拿Google的官方文档作为参考吧。

Lifecycle主要解决的是业务和Activity/Fragment生命周期相关的问题。例如:我们在onResume()/onStart()中请求定位,在onPause()/onStop()中停止定位。那么我们一般的做法:

class MyLocationListener {

public MyLocationListener(Context context, Callback callback) {

// ...

}

void start() {

// connect to system location service

}

void stop() {

// disconnect from system location service

}

}

class MyActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

private MyLocationListener myLocationListener;

@Override

public void onCreate(...) {

myLocationListener = new MyLocationListener(this, (location) -> {

// update UI

});

}

@Override

public void onStart() {

super.onStart();

myLocationListener.start();

// manage other components that need to respond

// to the activity lifecycle

}

@Override

public void onStop() {

super.onStop();

myLocationListener.stop();

// manage other components that need to respond

// to the activity lifecycle

}

}

上面的代码虽然看起来还可以,但在真实的应用程序中,可能会有很多的方法都需要根据当前Activity/Fragment的生命周期来进行不同的操作。因此其生命周期方法中可能会被放置大量代码,例如onStart()和 onStop()中,这使得它们难以维护。因此Lifecycle应运而生!

3. Lifecycle的使用

Lifecycle已经发布了release版,所以其中的一些默认支持已经包含到了support-v7:26.1.0以及更高。

添加依赖:

implementation "android.arch.lifecycle:extensions:1.1.1"

annotationProcessor "android.arch.lifecycle:compiler:1.1.1"

使用方式1:实现LifecycleObserver接口,使用@OnLifecycleEvent注解,通过编译时注解生成代码:

public class MyLifecycleObserver implements LifecycleObserver {

private static final String TAG = MyLifecycleObserver.class.getSimpleName();

@OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE)

public void start(LifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner) {

Lifecycle.State currentState = lifecycleOwner.getLifecycle().getCurrentState();

Log.d(TAG, "start: " + currentState);

}

@OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_PAUSE)

public void stop(LifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner) {

Log.d(TAG, "stop: " + lifecycleOwner.getLifecycle().getCurrentState());

}

}

 

APT生成的代码

 使用方式2:实现GenericLifecycleObserver接口,实现其onStateChanged方法:

public class MyLifecycleObserver implements GenericLifecycleObserver {

private static final String TAG = MyLifecycleObserver.class.getSimpleName();

@Override

public void onStateChanged(LifecycleOwner source, Lifecycle.Event event) {

Log.d(TAG, event.name());

}

}

创建完成后,我们需要将其添加:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

@Override

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

getLifecycle().addObserver(new MyLifecycleObserver());

}

}

结果图:

方法1

方法2

4. 源码分析

1.Lifecycle的获取

根据源码追踪我们可以看到Lifecycle是在SupportActivity中:

private LifecycleRegistry mLifecycleRegistry = new LifecycleRegistry(this);

@Override

public Lifecycle getLifecycle() {

return mLifecycleRegistry;

}

这里还有个挺重要的代码:

SupportActivity.java

protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

ReportFragment.injectIfNeededIn(this);

}

ReportFragment.java

public static void injectIfNeededIn(Activity activity) {

android.app.FragmentManager manager = activity.getFragmentManager();

if (manager.findFragmentByTag(REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG) == null) {

manager.beginTransaction().add(new ReportFragment(), REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG).commit();

manager.executePendingTransactions();

}

}

 

这里在Activity中添加了一个Fragment,至于作用,留到后面在讲。

2.addObserver

addObserver方法的话,还是简单来看吧:

LifecycleRegistry.java

@Override

public void addObserver(@NonNull LifecycleObserver observer) {

State initialState = mState == DESTROYED ? DESTROYED : INITIALIZED;

ObserverWithState statefulObserver = new ObserverWithState(observer, initialState);

ObserverWithState previous = mObserverMap.putIfAbsent(observer, statefulObserver);

......

// 对状态的修正,这里会对已经过去的状态进行分发。也就是说如果添加observer时状态已经改变,那么也会被通知到!

}

// 有状态的Observer

static class ObserverWithState {

State mState;

GenericLifecycleObserver mLifecycleObserver;

ObserverWithState(LifecycleObserver observer, State initialState) {

mLifecycleObserver = Lifecycling.getCallback(observer);

mState = initialState;

}

void dispatchEvent(LifecycleOwner owner, Event event) {

State newState = getStateAfter(event);

mState = min(mState, newState);

mLifecycleObserver.onStateChanged(owner, event);

mState = newState;

}

}

我们将实现的接口通过装饰者(我认为是这样)模式转成ObserverWithState对象,并将该对象添加到mObserverMap中。

 在ObserverWithState的构造方法中,有对我们传入的LifecycleObserver进行包装:

Lifecycling.java

@NonNull

static GenericLifecycleObserver getCallback(Object object) {

// 这里应该算第三种实现方式,然而FullLifecycleObserver不是public,所以不能使用

if (object instanceof FullLifecycleObserver) {

return new FullLifecycleObserverAdapter((FullLifecycleObserver) object);

}

// 我们的第一种方式

if (object instanceof GenericLifecycleObserver) {

return (GenericLifecycleObserver) object;

}

// 通过注解生成的

final Class<?> klass = object.getClass();

// 将生成的MyLifecycleObserver_LifecycleAdapter放到Map中

int type = getObserverConstructorType(klass);

if (type == GENERATED_CALLBACK) {

List<Constructor<? extends GeneratedAdapter>> constructors =

sClassToAdapters.get(klass);

if (constructors.size() == 1) {

GeneratedAdapter generatedAdapter = createGeneratedAdapter(

constructors.get(0), object);

return new SingleGeneratedAdapterObserver(generatedAdapter);

}

GeneratedAdapter[] adapters = new GeneratedAdapter[constructors.size()];

for (int i = 0; i < constructors.size(); i++) {

adapters[i] = createGeneratedAdapter(constructors.get(i), object);

}

return new CompositeGeneratedAdaptersObserver(adapters);

}

return new ReflectiveGenericLifecycleObserver(object);

}

根据我们传入的对象进行解析,最终返回结果为:GenericLifecycleObserver或者GenericLifecycleObserver的实现类。附获取生成MyLifecycleObserver_LifecycleAdapter代码:

// 通过名称获取

public static String getAdapterName(String className) {

return className.replace(".", "_") + "_LifecycleAdapter";

}

最终通过Class.forName方式获得Class。

3.事件分发

Lifecycle的事件分发在ObserverWithState类中:

// 事件分发

void dispatchEvent(LifecycleOwner owner, Event event) {

State newState = getStateAfter(event);

mState = min(mState, newState);

mLifecycleObserver.onStateChanged(owner, event);

mState = newState;

}

看下哪里调用了dispatchEvent方法:

 

调用

 我们看这个方法,其中一个在addObserver中调用,另外的两个都会通过sync()方法调用:

// happens only on the top of stack (never in reentrance),

// so it doesn't have to take in account parents

private void sync() {

LifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner = mLifecycleOwner.get();

if (lifecycleOwner == null) {

Log.w(LOG_TAG, "LifecycleOwner is garbage collected, you shouldn't try dispatch "

+ "new events from it.");

return;

}

// 最新的状态和当前状态不一致,则需要进行状态修改

while (!isSynced()) {

mNewEventOccurred = false;

// no need to check eldest for nullability, because isSynced does it for us.

if (mState.compareTo(mObserverMap.eldest().getValue().mState) < 0) {

backwardPass(lifecycleOwner);

}

Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState> newest = mObserverMap.newest();

if (!mNewEventOccurred && newest != null

&& mState.compareTo(newest.getValue().mState) > 0) {

forwardPass(lifecycleOwner);

}

}

mNewEventOccurred = false;

}

// 是否状态同步的

private boolean isSynced() {

if (mObserverMap.size() == 0) {

return true;

}

// 最新的和最后添加的Observer状态一致,并且当前的状态和最新状态一致,则已经同步了

State eldestObserverState = mObserverMap.eldest().getValue().mState;

State newestObserverState = mObserverMap.newest().getValue().mState;

return eldestObserverState == newestObserverState && mState == newestObserverState;

}

这里的同步方法用于同步当前Observer的状态,如果最新的和最老的Observer的状态不一致或者当前的状态和最新的状态不一致时,那么需要进行状态同步。同步包括了向前同步和向后同步。

调用sync()方法一共就两处,一处在addObserver方法,另一处是moveToState方法,而调用moveToState方法也有两处:

@SuppressWarnings("WeakerAccess")

@MainThread

public void markState(@NonNull State state) {

moveToState(state);

}

public void handleLifecycleEvent(@NonNull Lifecycle.Event event) {

State next = getStateAfter(event);

moveToState(next);

}

handleLifecycleEvent方法有很多处调用:

handleLifecycleEvent调用

 看图的话,就可以知道Fragment在不同的生命周期调用了handleLifecycleEvent方法,随便看一个吧:

 

ON_CREATE

还记得上面说的ReportFragment吗?这里也出现了,我们看下ReportFragment到底做什么的:

// 调用Activity的

private void dispatch(Lifecycle.Event event) {

Activity activity = getActivity();

if (activity instanceof LifecycleRegistryOwner) {

((LifecycleRegistryOwner) activity).getLifecycle().handleLifecycleEvent(event);

return;

}

if (activity instanceof LifecycleOwner) {

Lifecycle lifecycle = ((LifecycleOwner) activity).getLifecycle();

if (lifecycle instanceof LifecycleRegistry) {

((LifecycleRegistry) lifecycle).handleLifecycleEvent(event);

}

}

}

// 生命周期

@Override

public void onDestroy() {

super.onDestroy();

dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY);

// just want to be sure that we won't leak reference to an activity

mProcessListener = null;

}

可以看到,ReportFragment只是作为一个中间层,通过它来分发各种事件!

由于篇幅原因(已经啰嗦了很多了),这里就不写LifecycleDispatcher和ProcessLifecycleOwner了,这两个通过自定义的内容提供者ProcessLifecycleOwnerInitializer进行初始化,并且通过registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks和registerFragmentLifecycleCallbacks注册统一的观察回调。有兴趣的话,自己看看吧。

5 总结

Lifecycle简单来说就是用于处理和生命周期相关的业务,其原理以及实现还是很简单的。当然了,项目中并没有使用到Lifecycle,所以实际应用效果怎样只能靠猜想了😂。后面呢,应该会分析下与Lifecycle相关的一个东西LievData,要抓紧时间了!

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持。

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