SQL实现时间序列错位还原案列

一、需求描述

1 原表T1某条记录(记做r1,相邻下一条为r2)的下一行记录的STARTDATE小于上一行ENDDATE,针对这样的记录做转换即:

r1STARTDATE保持不变,ENDDATE为r1STARTDATE-1

r2STARTDATE为r1的ENDDATEENDDATE为r1ENDDATE

2 如果原表T1不存在相邻行“时间重叠”(即为1的定义)时保持原有数据不变。

# 文本版

#T1

seq id startdate enddate num

1 1 2021-04-20 2021-05-03 200

2 1 2021-05-01 2021-05-24 100

3 1 2021-05-18 2021-05-31 69

4 1 2021-05-20 2021-07-31 34

5 1 2021-08-05 2021-08-25 45

6 1 2021-08-15 2021-09-25 65

#输出结果

ID STARTDATE ENDDATE NUM

1 2021-04-20 2021-04-30 200

1 2021-05-01 2021-05-02 300

1 2021-05-03 2021-05-17 100

1 2021-05-18 2021-05-19 169

1 2021-05-20 2021-05-23 203

1 2021-05-24 2021-05-30 103

1 2021-05-31 2021-07-30 34

1 2021-08-05 2021-08-14 45

1 2021-08-15 2021-08-25 110

1 2021-08-26 2021-09-25 65

二、思路概述

1 需求延展

SEQ ID STARTDATE ENDDATE NUM

1 1 2021-04-20 2021-05-03 200

2 1 2021-05-01 2021-05-24 100

3 1 2021-05-18 2021-05-31 69

4 1 2021-05-20 2021-07-31 34

这里第4条记录同时叠加在第2和3条记录里。

2 思路概述

1) T0 通过上下行函数生成的时间序列

id new_DATE nextSTARTDATE preEndDATE rn

1 2021-05-24 2021-05-03 1

1 2021-05-03 2021-05-24 2021-05-01 2

1 2021-05-01 2021-05-03 2021-04-20 3

1 2021-04-20 2021-05-01 4

2) last 取出T0里的最后一条记录,为后面的矫正做准备。

new_Date preENDDATE id

2021-05-24 2021-05-03 1

3) normal 取出原始数据里不会出现时间叠加的记录,为后面的矫正做准备。

当前演示数据无记录,代码加注释可浮现。

4)T_Serial 统一定义STARTDATE、ENDDATE,首次修正T0。

id STARTDATE ENDDATE

1 2021-04-20 2021-04-30

1 2021-05-01 2021-05-03

1 2021-05-04 2021-05-24

 5) T2 对时间没有重叠的记录进行修正(删除T0对应值,更新对应ENDDATE)。

当前示例结果集为空,即无需要修正。

6) T2关联T1(原始表),汇总后取得最终值

STARTDATE ENDDATE NUM

2021-04-20 2021-04-30 200

2021-05-01 2021-05-03 300

2021-05-04 2021-05-24 100

三、SQL代码

当前演示版本是Mysql 8.0.23,支持CTE、窗口函数的SQL ServerOracle需要修改Order byADDDATE处语法。

Step0 创建表并初始化数据

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS test_ShenLiang2025;

CREATE TABLE test_ShenLiang2025 (

seq int DEFAULT NULL,

id int DEFAULT NULL,

STARTDATE date DEFAULT NULL,

ENDDATE date DEFAULT NULL,

NUM int DEFAULT NULL

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

INSERT INTO test_ShenLiang2025 VALUES ('1', '1', '2021-04-20', '2021-05-03', '200');

INSERT INTO test_ShenLiang2025 VALUES ('2', '1', '2021-05-01', '2021-05-24', '100');

INSERT INTO test_ShenLiang2025 VALUES ('3', '1', '2021-05-18', '2021-05-31', '69');

INSERT INTO test_ShenLiang2025 VALUES ('4', '1', '2021-05-20', '2021-07-31', '34');

INSERT INTO test_ShenLiang2025 VALUES ('5', '1', '2021-08-05', '2021-08-25', '45');

INSERT INTO test_ShenLiang2025 VALUES ('6', '1', '2021-08-15', '2021-09-25', '65');

Step1 构建临时结果集以生成时间序列。

WITH T0 AS(

SELECT id,

new_DATE,

LEAD(NEW_DATE,1) OVER (PARTITION BY ID ORDER BY NEW_DATE ) nextSTARTDATE,

LAG(NEW_DATE,1) OVER (PARTITION BY ID ORDER BY NEW_DATE ) preENDDATE,

ROW_NUMBER()OVER(PARTITION BY ID ORDER BY new_DATE DESC) rn

FROM

(

SELECT DISTINCT ID,STARTDATE new_DATE FROM test_ShenLiang2025

WHERE seq in (1,2) -- 可加注释验证,当前仅取原表里2条记录

UNION

SELECT DISTINCT ID,ENDDATE new_DATE FROM test_ShenLiang2025

WHERE seq in (1,2) -- 可加注释验证,当前仅取原表里2条记录

ORDER BY new_DATE

)A

),last AS

( SELECT new_DATE,preENDDATE,id

FROM T0

WHERE nextSTARTDATE IS NULL

),normal AS

(

SELECT * FROM

(

SELECT id,

ENDDATE,

LEAD(STARTDATE,1) OVER (PARTITION BY ID ORDER BY ENDDATE ) nextSTARTDATE,

LAG(ENDDATE,1) OVER (PARTITION BY ID ORDER BY ENDDATE ) preENDDATE

FROM test_ShenLiang2025

)A

WHERE ENDDATE > preENDDATE AND ENDDATE < nextSTARTDATE

),T_Serial AS (

SELECT ID,ADDDATE(preENDDATE, INTERVAL 1 DAY ) STARTDATE,

new_DATE ENDDATE

FROM last

UNION

SELECT bottom_2.ID,bottom_2.new_DATE STARTDATE,

CASE WHEN rn =3 THEN bottom_2.nextSTARTDATE

ELSE ADDDATE(bottom_2.nextSTARTDATE, INTERVAL -1 DAY ) END ENDDATE

FROM last

JOIN T0 bottom_2

ON bottom_2.nextSTARTDATE<=last.preENDDATE AND bottom_2.id = last.id

),T2 AS(

SELECT B.ID,B.STARTDATE,B.ENDDATE FROM

(

SELECT A.*,ROW_NUMBER()OVER(PARTITION BY ID,STARTDATE ORDER BY ENDDATE) rn

FROM

(

SELECT A.ID,A.STARTDATE,A.ENDDATE

FROM T_Serial A

LEFT JOIN normal B

ON A.STARTDATE = B.ENDDATE AND A.ID = B.ID

WHERE B.ENDDATE IS NULL

UNION

SELECT A.ID,A.STARTDATE,B.ENDDATE

FROM T_Serial A

INNER JOIN normal B

ON ADDDATE(A.ENDDATE, INTERVAL 1 DAY ) = B.ENDDATE AND A.ID = B.ID

)A

)B WHERE rn =1

)

Step2 时间序列关联原表生成NUM字段。

SELECT T2.STARTDATE,T2.ENDDATE,SUM(T1.NUM) TOTAL FROM T2

JOIN test_ShenLiang2025 T1

ON T2.STARTDATE>=T1.STARTDATE

AND T2.ENDDATE<=T1.ENDDATE

GROUP BY T2.STARTDATE,T2.ENDDATE

ORDER BY T2.STARTDATE

Step4 查看结果

STARTDATE   ENDDATE     NUM

2021-04-20 2021-04-30 200

2021-05-01 2021-05-03 300

2021-05-04 2021-05-24 100

执行结果:

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