详解Bootstrap网格垂直和水平对齐方式

Z时代
2024-01-10
分类：IT

1、Bootstrap网格布局

上一节我们介绍了Bootstrap中的网格，网格在网页布局中是一个重点和难点，布局是网页设计的起点和基础，一定要花功夫弄懂，最起码把我写的教程介绍的内容弄懂，因为我写的都是最常用的和最基础的。当然对于一个有一定基础的网页设计师，这些内容相信一看就懂，今天我们进一步学习网格布局。

本节内容涉及到通用类的弹性盒子（Flex）中的部分功能。

2、垂直对齐

2.1 row标签中设置垂直对齐

通过在row标签中添加align-items-start、align-items-center、align-items-end可以更改行在容器中的垂直对齐方式，以上三个标签分别为顶部对齐、居中对齐、底部对齐。以下是一段演示代码和效果图，代码中css代码设置背景色和间距，方便查看效果。


<!doctype html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <meta name="keywords" content="">
    <meta name="description" content="">
    <link href="bootstrap5/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="stylesheet">
    <style>
      .row{background-color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 0.178);height: 260px;margin:30px;}
      .col{background-color: rgba(101, 101, 161, 0.842);height: 80px;padding: 30px;margin: 10px;}
    </style>
    <title>垂直对齐演示</title>
  </head>
  <body>
        <div class="container">
          <div class="row align-items-start">
            <div class="col"> </div>
            <div class="col"></div>
            <div class="col"></div>
          </div>
          <div class="row align-items-center">
            <div class="col"> </div>
            <div class="col"></div>
            <div class="col"></div>
          </div>
          <div class="row align-items-end">
            <div class="col"> </div>
            <div class="col"></div>
            <div class="col"></div>
          </div>
        </div>
     <script src="bootstrap5/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" ></script>
  </body>
</html>

2.2 col标签中设置垂直对齐

通过在col标签中添加align-self-start、align-self-center、align-self-end可以更改列在行中的垂直对齐方式，以上三个标签分别为顶部对齐、居中对齐、底部对齐。以下是一段演示代码和效果图，代码中css代码设置背景色和间距，方便查看效果。


<!doctype html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <meta name="keywords" content="">
    <meta name="description" content="">
    <link href="bootstrap5/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="stylesheet">
    <style>
      .row{background-color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 0.178);height: 260px;margin:30px;}
      .col{background-color: rgba(101, 101, 161, 0.842);height: 80px;padding: 30px;margin: 10px;}
    </style>
    <title>垂直对齐演示</title>
  </head>
  <body>
        <div class="container">
          <div class="row align-items-start">
            <div class="col  align-self-start"> </div>
            <div class="col align-self-center"></div>
            <div class="col align-self-end"></div>
          </div>
        </div>
     <script src="bootstrap5/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" ></script>
  </body>
</html>

3、水平对齐

3.1 row标签中设置垂直对齐

通过在row标签中添加justify-content-start、justify-content-center、justify-content-end、justify-content-around、justify-content-between、justify-content-evenly可以更改列在行中的水平对齐方式。以下是一段演示代码和效果图，代码中css代码设置背景色和间距，方便查看效果。


<!doctype html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <meta name="keywords" content="">
    <meta name="description" content="">
    <link href="bootstrap5/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="stylesheet">
    <style>
     .row{background-color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 0.178);height: 120px;margin:10px;}
      .col-4{background-color: rgba(101, 101, 161, 0.842);height: 30px;padding: 10px;margin: 10px;}
    </style>
    <title>垂直对齐演示</title>
  </head>
  <body>
        <div class="container">
          <div class="row justify-content-start">
            <div class="col-4"> </div>
            <div class="col-4"></div>
            <div class="col-4"></div>
          </div>
          <div class="row justify-content-center">
            <div class="col-4"> </div>
            <div class="col-4"></div>
            <div class="col-4"></div>
          </div>
          <div class="row justify-content-end">
            <div class="col-4"> </div>
## <div class="col-4"></div>
            <div class="col-4"></div>
          </div>
          <div class="row justify-content-around">
            <div class="col-4"> </div>
            <div class="col-4"></div>
            <div class="col-4"></div>
          </div>
          <div class="row justify-content-between">
            <div class="col-4"> </div>
            <div class="col-4"></div>
            <div class="col-4"></div>
          </div>
          <div class="row justify-content-evenly">
            <div class="col-4"> </div>
            <div class="col-4"></div>
            <div class="col-4"></div>
          </div>
        </div>