详解Node.js中间件是怎样工作的

目录

• 什么是 Express 中间件？
• 编写 Express 中间件的要求
• Express中间件：基础
• 中间件解决什么问题？为什么要用它？
• 中间件函数是什么样的？
• 中间件链
• Express中间件的类型

• 内置中间件
• 错误处理中间件
• 第三方级别的中间件

npm -v && node -v

npm init
npm install express --save
Create server.js and paste the following code:
const express = require('express');
const app = express();
app.get('/', (req, res, next) => {
  res.send('Welcome Home');
});
app.listen(3000);

async function userMiddleware (req, res, next) {
    try {
        const userData = await getUserData(req.params.id);  //see app.get below
        if(userData) {
                req.user = userData;
                next();
        }
    } catch(error)  {
        res.status(500).send(error.message); //replace with proper error handling
    }
}

var app = express();
//your normal route Handlers
app.get('/user/:id', userMiddleware, userController);

app.use(middlewareA);
app.use(middlewareB);
app.get('/', [middlewareC, middlewareD], handler);

var router = express.Router()
Load router-level middleware by using the router.use() and router.METHOD() functions.
The following example creates a router as a module, loads a middleware function in it, defines some routes, and mounts the router module on a path in the main app.
var express = require(‘express');
var router = express.Router();
// a middleware function with no mount path. This code is executed for every request to the router
// logging
async function logMiddleware (req, res, next) {
    try {
         console.log(req.user.id, new Date());
     next();
    } catch() {
        res.status(500).send(error.message);
    }
}
// authentication
    async function checkAuthentication(req, res, next) => {
// check header or url parameters or post parameters for token
const token = req.body.token || req.query.token || req.headers['x-access-token'] || req.headers['authorization'];
      if (token) {
        try {
            // verifies secret
            req.decoded = await jwt.verify(token, config.secret)
            let checkUser = await authenticateTokenHelper.getUserDetail(req);
            // if everything is good, save to request for use in other routes
                if (checkUser) {
                        req.user = req.decoded
                        next()
                } else {
                    return res.status(403).json({ 
                    message: responseMessage.noAuthorized 
                    })
                }
        } catch (err) {
            return res.status(401).json({ message: responseMessage.invalidToken })
        }
  } else {
    // if there is no token
    return res.status(400).json({ message: responseMessage.invalidRequest })
  }
}
router.use(logMiddleware);
    router.get('/user, checkAuthentication, handler);

app.use(function (err, req, res, next) {
  console.error(err.stack)
  res.status(500).send('Something broke!')
})

app.get('/users', (req, res, next) => {
  next(new Error('I am passing you an error!'));
});
app.use((err, req, res, next) => {
  console.log(err);    
  if(!res.headersSent){
    res.status(500).send(err.message);
  }
});

app.get('/users, (req, res, next) => {
  let err = new Error('I couldn\'t find it.');
  err.httpStatusCode = 404;
  next(err);
});
app.get('/user, (req, res, next) => {
  let err = new Error('I\'m sorry, you can\'t do that, Dave.');
  err.httpStatusCode = 304;
  next(err);
});
app.use((err, req, res, next) => {
   // handles not found errors
  if (err.httpStatusCode === 404) {
    res.status(400).render('NotFound');
  }
   // handles unauthorized errors 
  else if(err.httpStatusCode === 304){
    res.status(304).render('Unauthorized');
  }
    // catch all
   else if (!res.headersSent) {
     res.status(err.httpStatusCode || 500).render('UnknownError');
  }
  next(err);
});

const express = require('express');
const bodyParser = require('body-parser');
const app = express();
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({extended:false}))
app.use(bodyParser.json())
app.post('/save',(req,res)=>{
    res.json({
        "status":true,
         "payload":req.body
    })
}
app.listen(3000,(req,res)=>{
    console.log('server running on port')
})