Java的Hibernate框架中复合主键映射的创建和使用教程
复合主键映射需要在映射配置文件中使用<composite-id>标签,该标签是指将一个类指定为相应的复合主键,它的name属性需要指定类文件中定义的属性值,并在该标签中添加<key-property>子标签。
Note:想要使用复合映射必须要将复合主键放到一个类中,也就是讲复合主键属性和其它属性分到两个类中,并将复合主键的类实现接口Serializable,该接口隶属于java.io。
复合主键的映射关系的主键是由多个列复合而成的,对应到数据表中相当的简单,如下图:
1、类文件
这里就拿上图的表来作为示例,在表中有两个字段年限和持续时间组合成为表的主键,所以分成的新类分别命名为FiscalYearPeriod和FiscalYearPeriodPK,其中FiscalYearPeriodPK类封装表的主键属性,FiscalYearPeriod类封装其它属性以及FiscalYearPeriodPK类。
1.1 FiscalYearPeriod.java
类中封装有基本的属性,并把FiscalYearPeriodPK类作为属性封装到类中,并在配置文件中配置相应的映射,如下代码:
package com.src.hibernate;
import java.sql.Date;
public class FiscalYearPeriod {
//时间主键
private FiscalYearPeriodPK fiscalYearPeriodPK;
public FiscalYearPeriodPK getFiscalYearPeriodPK() {
return fiscalYearPeriodPK;
}
public void setFiscalYearPeriodPK(FiscalYearPeriodPK fiscalYearPeriodPK) {
this.fiscalYearPeriodPK = fiscalYearPeriodPK;
}
//开始日期
private Date beginDate;
public Date getBeginDate() {
return beginDate;
}
public void setBeginDate(Date beginDate) {
this.beginDate = beginDate;
}
//结束日期
private Date endDate;
public Date getEndDate() {
return endDate;
}
public void setEndDate(Date endDate) {
this.endDate = endDate;
}
//阶段时间
private String periodSts;
public String getPeriodSts() {
return periodSts;
}
public void setPeriodSts(String periodSts) {
this.periodSts = periodSts;
}
}
1.2 FiscalYearPeriodPK.java
封装主键属性,该类是从FiscalYearPeriod类中分离出来的,包含了基本的主键属性,并且需要实现接口Serializable,该类是要映射到配置文件中<composite-id>标签中要指定该类,代码如下:
package com.src.hibernate;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class FiscalYearPeriodPK implements Serializable {
//年限
private int fiscalYear;
public int getFiscalYear() {
return fiscalYear;
}
public void setFiscalYear(int fiscalYear) {
this.fiscalYear = fiscalYear;
}
//持续时间
private int fiscalPeriod;
public int getFiscalPeriod() {
return fiscalPeriod;
}
public void setFiscalPeriod(int fiscalPeriod) {
this.fiscalPeriod = fiscalPeriod;
}
}
2、配置文件
这里有个疑问两个类都是哪个需要添加映射文件?因为会使用<composite-id>标签,所以只需要为FiscalYearPeriod类添加映射即可,在该映射文件中添加对应复合主键标签,并在标签中添加对应的主键属性,如下代码:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.src.hibernate.FiscalYearPeriod" table="t_fiscal_year_period_pk">
<composite-id name="fiscalYearPeriodPK">
<key-property name="fiscalYear"></key-property>
<key-property name="fiscalPeriod"></key-property>
</composite-id>
<property name="beginDate" type="date"/>
<property name="endDate" type="date"/>
<property name="periodSts"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
将上面的文件生成对应的数据库表,生成的sql语句如下:
drop table if exists t_fiscal_year_period_pk
create table t_fiscal_year_period_pk (fiscalYear integer not null, fiscalPeriod integer not null, beginDate date, endDate date, periodSts varchar(255), primary key (fiscalYear, fiscalPeriod))
对应的表结构如下图:
3、数据操作
相应的映射文件配置好后,相应的数据操作就变得很简单了,首先从写入数据开始,向数据库中写入数据时会同时把两个类写入到数据库中,所以此时这两个类都必须转化为Transient状态,所以在保存时需要首先将FiscalYearPeriod对象首先保存到数据库中,然后它会自动关联复合属性,将信息保存到数据库中。
3.1 写入操作
写入的操作方法和以前的写入方法相同,需要定义两个对象,然后保存相应的对象信息到数据库中,代码如下:
public void testSave1(){
//声明会话对象
Session session=null;
try{
//获取会话对象
session=HibernateUtils.getSession();
//开启会话
session.beginTransaction();
//创建复合对象
FiscalYearPeriodPK fiscalyearperiodpk=new FiscalYearPeriodPK();
fiscalyearperiodpk.setFiscalPeriod(2014);
fiscalyearperiodpk.setFiscalYear(2012);
//创建对象
FiscalYearPeriod fiscalyearperiod=new FiscalYearPeriod();
fiscalyearperiod.setFiscalYearPeriodPK(fiscalyearperiodpk);
session.save(fiscalyearperiod);
//提交会话
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally{
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
执行相应的测试方法,生成的SQL语句如下:
Hibernate: insert into t_fiscal_year_period_pk (beginDate, endDate, periodSts, fiscalYear, fiscalPeriod) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
相应的数据库视图:
3.2 加载操作
相应的加载方法会和以前不同,因为在该表中主键是复合属性,所以需要创建一个类。在加载数据时需要创建主键对象,此时的主键就是一个对象,更需要为对象的属性赋值,这样才能获取对象,代码如下:
public void testLoad1(){
//声明会话对象
Session session=null;
try{
//获取会话对象
session=HibernateUtils.getSession();
//开启会话
session.beginTransaction();
//创建复合对象
FiscalYearPeriodPK fiscalyearperiodpk=new FiscalYearPeriodPK();
fiscalyearperiodpk.setFiscalPeriod(2014);
fiscalyearperiodpk.setFiscalYear(2012);
FiscalYearPeriod fiscalyearperiod=(FiscalYearPeriod)session.load(FiscalYearPeriod.class,fiscalyearperiodpk);
System.out.println("开始日期: "+fiscalyearperiod.getBeginDate());
//提交会话
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally{
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
生成的结果,如下:
Hibernate: select fiscalyear0_.fiscalYear as fiscalYear0_0_, fiscalyear0_.fiscalPeriod as fiscalPe2_0_0_, fiscalyear0_.beginDate as beginDate0_0_, fiscalyear0_.endDate as endDate0_0_, fiscalyear0_.periodSts as periodSts0_0_ from t_fiscal_year_period_pk fiscalyear0_ where fiscalyear0_.fiscalYear=? and fiscalyear0_.fiscalPeriod=?
开始日期: 2013-10-12
4、综合示例
一个规模较大公司的部门表(hibernate_dept_compositePK),由所在区域(area),部门名(name),本部门人数(empCount),组建时间(birthday)等字段组成,我们使用所在区域和部门名做联合主键:
4.1 目标类:Department.java
public class Department {
/** 把主键关联属性抽象出来单独写成一个类 */
//private String area;
//private String name;
/**把主键类对象作为成员变量*/
private DepartmentPK departmentPK;
private int empCount;
private Date birthday;
// public String getArea() {
// return area;
// }
//
// public void setArea(String area) {
// this.area = area;
// }
//
// public String getName() {
// return name;
// }
//
// public void setName(String name) {
// this.name = name;
// }
public int getEmpCount() {
return empCount;
}
public void setEmpCount(int empCount) {
this.empCount = empCount;
}
public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
public DepartmentPK getDepartmentPK() {
return departmentPK;
}
public void setDepartmentPK(DepartmentPK departmentPK) {
this.departmentPK = departmentPK;
}
}
4.2主键类:DepartmentPK.java
public class DepartmentPK implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -288002855915204255L;
private String area;
private String name;
/**
* 覆盖hashCode方法(根据area和name判断)
*/
//@Override
public int hashCode() {
final int prime = 31;
int result = 1;
result = prime * result + ((area == null) ? 0 : area.hashCode());
result = prime * result + ((name == null) ? 0 : name.hashCode());
return result;
}
/**
* 覆盖equals(根据area和name判断)
*/
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (this == obj)
return true;
if (obj == null)
return false;
if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
return false;
final DepartmentPK other = (DepartmentPK) obj;
if (area == null) {
if (other.area != null)
return false;
} else if (!area.equals(other.area))
return false;
if (name == null) {
if (other.name != null)
return false;
} else if (!name.equals(other.name))
return false;
return true;
}
public String getArea() {
return area;
}
public void setArea(String area) {
this.area = area;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
4.3 映射文件Department.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.yangfei.hibernate.compositePk.entity.Department" table="hibernate_dept_compositePK">
<!-- 联合主键 -->
<!-- name指的是主键对象属性 -->
<composite-id name="departmentPK">
<!-- 这里是主键关联属性 -->
<key-property name="area" />
<key-property name="name" />
</composite-id>
<!-- 其它属性 -->
<property name="empCount" length="4" />
<property name="birthday" type="date" />
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
4.4 hibernate配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Generated by MyEclipse Hibernate Tools. -->
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle9Dialect</property>
<property name="connection.url">jdbc:oracle:thin:@127.0.0.1:1521:orcl10</property>
<property name="connection.username">scott</property>
<property name="connection.password">yf123</property>
<property name="connection.driver_class">oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver</property>
<property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
<mapping resource="com/yangfei/hibernate/compositePk/entity/Department.hbm.xml"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
4.5测试类:DepartmentTest.java
public class DepartmentTest extends TestCase {
/**
* 测试插入数据
*/
public void save() {
Session session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
Transaction t = session.beginTransaction();
try {
Department dept = new Department();
/** 生成主键对象 */
DepartmentPK deptPK = new DepartmentPK();
deptPK.setArea("北京");
deptPK.setName("研发部");
dept.setDepartmentPK(deptPK);
dept.setEmpCount(100);
dept.setBirthday(new Date());
session.save(dept);
t.commit();
} catch (HibernateException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
t.rollback();
} finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
/**
* 测试加载数据
*/
public void load() {
Session session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
Transaction t = session.beginTransaction();
try {
/** 生成主键对象 */
DepartmentPK deptPK = new DepartmentPK();
deptPK.setArea("北京");
deptPK.setName("研发部");
Department dept=(Department)session.load(Department.class, deptPK);
System.out.println(dept.getDepartmentPK().getArea()+","+dept.getDepartmentPK().getName()+","+dept.getEmpCount()+","+dept.getBirthday());
} catch (HibernateException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
t.rollback();
} finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
/**
* 测试修改数据
*/
public void update() {
Session session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
Transaction t = session.beginTransaction();
try {
/** 生成主键对象 */
DepartmentPK deptPK = new DepartmentPK();
deptPK.setArea("北京");
deptPK.setName("研发部");
Department emp=(Department)session.load(Department.class, deptPK);
System.out.println(emp.getDepartmentPK().getArea()+","+emp.getDepartmentPK().getName()+","+emp.getEmpCount()+","+emp.getBirthday());
emp.setEmpCount(100);
session.saveOrUpdate(emp);
/** 生成主键对象 */
DepartmentPK deptPK2 = new DepartmentPK();
deptPK2.setArea("北京");
deptPK2.setName("研发部");
Department dept=(Department)session.load(Department.class, deptPK2);
System.out.println(dept.getDepartmentPK().getArea()+","+dept.getDepartmentPK().getName()+","+dept.getEmpCount()+","+dept.getBirthday());
t.commit();
} catch (HibernateException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
t.rollback();
} finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
/**
* 测试删除数据
*/
public void delete() {
Session session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
Transaction t = session.beginTransaction();
try {
/** 生成主键对象 */
DepartmentPK deptPK = new DepartmentPK();
deptPK.setArea("北京");
deptPK.setName("研发部");
Department dept=(Department)session.load(Department.class, deptPK);
session.delete(dept);
t.commit();
} catch (HibernateException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
t.rollback();
} finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
}
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