Java的Hibernate框架中复合主键映射的创建和使用教程

复合主键映射需要在映射配置文件中使用<composite-id>标签,该标签是指将一个类指定为相应的复合主键,它的name属性需要指定类文件中定义的属性值,并在该标签中添加<key-property>子标签。

Note:想要使用复合映射必须要将复合主键放到一个类中,也就是讲复合主键属性和其它属性分到两个类中,并将复合主键的类实现接口Serializable,该接口隶属于java.io。

复合主键的映射关系的主键是由多个列复合而成的,对应到数据表中相当的简单,如下图:

1、类文件

这里就拿上图的表来作为示例,在表中有两个字段年限和持续时间组合成为表的主键,所以分成的新类分别命名为FiscalYearPeriod和FiscalYearPeriodPK,其中FiscalYearPeriodPK类封装表的主键属性,FiscalYearPeriod类封装其它属性以及FiscalYearPeriodPK类。

1.1 FiscalYearPeriod.java

类中封装有基本的属性,并把FiscalYearPeriodPK类作为属性封装到类中,并在配置文件中配置相应的映射,如下代码:

package com.src.hibernate;

import java.sql.Date;

public class FiscalYearPeriod {

//时间主键

private FiscalYearPeriodPK fiscalYearPeriodPK;

public FiscalYearPeriodPK getFiscalYearPeriodPK() {

return fiscalYearPeriodPK;

}

public void setFiscalYearPeriodPK(FiscalYearPeriodPK fiscalYearPeriodPK) {

this.fiscalYearPeriodPK = fiscalYearPeriodPK;

}

//开始日期

private Date beginDate;

public Date getBeginDate() {

return beginDate;

}

public void setBeginDate(Date beginDate) {

this.beginDate = beginDate;

}

//结束日期

private Date endDate;

public Date getEndDate() {

return endDate;

}

public void setEndDate(Date endDate) {

this.endDate = endDate;

}

//阶段时间

private String periodSts;

public String getPeriodSts() {

return periodSts;

}

public void setPeriodSts(String periodSts) {

this.periodSts = periodSts;

}

}

1.2 FiscalYearPeriodPK.java

封装主键属性,该类是从FiscalYearPeriod类中分离出来的,包含了基本的主键属性,并且需要实现接口Serializable,该类是要映射到配置文件中<composite-id>标签中要指定该类,代码如下:

package com.src.hibernate;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class FiscalYearPeriodPK implements Serializable {

//年限

private int fiscalYear;

public int getFiscalYear() {

return fiscalYear;

}

public void setFiscalYear(int fiscalYear) {

this.fiscalYear = fiscalYear;

}

//持续时间

private int fiscalPeriod;

public int getFiscalPeriod() {

return fiscalPeriod;

}

public void setFiscalPeriod(int fiscalPeriod) {

this.fiscalPeriod = fiscalPeriod;

}

}

 

2、配置文件

这里有个疑问两个类都是哪个需要添加映射文件?因为会使用<composite-id>标签,所以只需要为FiscalYearPeriod类添加映射即可,在该映射文件中添加对应复合主键标签,并在标签中添加对应的主键属性,如下代码:

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC

"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"

"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping>

<class name="com.src.hibernate.FiscalYearPeriod" table="t_fiscal_year_period_pk">

<composite-id name="fiscalYearPeriodPK">

<key-property name="fiscalYear"></key-property>

<key-property name="fiscalPeriod"></key-property>

</composite-id>

<property name="beginDate" type="date"/>

<property name="endDate" type="date"/>

<property name="periodSts"/>

</class>

</hibernate-mapping>

将上面的文件生成对应的数据库表,生成的sql语句如下:

drop table if exists t_fiscal_year_period_pk

create table t_fiscal_year_period_pk (fiscalYear integer not null, fiscalPeriod integer not null, beginDate date, endDate date, periodSts varchar(255), primary key (fiscalYear, fiscalPeriod))

对应的表结构如下图:

 

3、数据操作

相应的映射文件配置好后,相应的数据操作就变得很简单了,首先从写入数据开始,向数据库中写入数据时会同时把两个类写入到数据库中,所以此时这两个类都必须转化为Transient状态,所以在保存时需要首先将FiscalYearPeriod对象首先保存到数据库中,然后它会自动关联复合属性,将信息保存到数据库中。

3.1 写入操作

写入的操作方法和以前的写入方法相同,需要定义两个对象,然后保存相应的对象信息到数据库中,代码如下:

public void testSave1(){

//声明会话对象

Session session=null;

try{

//获取会话对象

session=HibernateUtils.getSession();

//开启会话

session.beginTransaction();

//创建复合对象

FiscalYearPeriodPK fiscalyearperiodpk=new FiscalYearPeriodPK();

fiscalyearperiodpk.setFiscalPeriod(2014);

fiscalyearperiodpk.setFiscalYear(2012);

//创建对象

FiscalYearPeriod fiscalyearperiod=new FiscalYearPeriod();

fiscalyearperiod.setFiscalYearPeriodPK(fiscalyearperiodpk);

session.save(fiscalyearperiod);

//提交会话

session.getTransaction().commit();

}catch(Exception e){

e.printStackTrace();

session.getTransaction().rollback();

}finally{

HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);

}

}

执行相应的测试方法,生成的SQL语句如下:

Hibernate: insert into t_fiscal_year_period_pk (beginDate, endDate, periodSts, fiscalYear, fiscalPeriod) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?) 

相应的数据库视图:

3.2 加载操作

相应的加载方法会和以前不同,因为在该表中主键是复合属性,所以需要创建一个类。在加载数据时需要创建主键对象,此时的主键就是一个对象,更需要为对象的属性赋值,这样才能获取对象,代码如下:

public void testLoad1(){

//声明会话对象

Session session=null;

try{

//获取会话对象

session=HibernateUtils.getSession();

//开启会话

session.beginTransaction();

//创建复合对象

FiscalYearPeriodPK fiscalyearperiodpk=new FiscalYearPeriodPK();

fiscalyearperiodpk.setFiscalPeriod(2014);

fiscalyearperiodpk.setFiscalYear(2012);

FiscalYearPeriod fiscalyearperiod=(FiscalYearPeriod)session.load(FiscalYearPeriod.class,fiscalyearperiodpk);

System.out.println("开始日期: "+fiscalyearperiod.getBeginDate());

//提交会话

session.getTransaction().commit();

}catch(Exception e){

e.printStackTrace();

session.getTransaction().rollback();

}finally{

HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);

}

}

生成的结果,如下:

Hibernate: select fiscalyear0_.fiscalYear as fiscalYear0_0_, fiscalyear0_.fiscalPeriod as fiscalPe2_0_0_, fiscalyear0_.beginDate as beginDate0_0_, fiscalyear0_.endDate as endDate0_0_, fiscalyear0_.periodSts as periodSts0_0_ from t_fiscal_year_period_pk fiscalyear0_ where fiscalyear0_.fiscalYear=? and fiscalyear0_.fiscalPeriod=?

开始日期: 2013-10-12

 

4、综合示例

一个规模较大公司的部门表(hibernate_dept_compositePK),由所在区域(area),部门名(name),本部门人数(empCount),组建时间(birthday)等字段组成,我们使用所在区域和部门名做联合主键:

4.1 目标类:Department.java

public class Department {

/** 把主键关联属性抽象出来单独写成一个类 */

//private String area;

//private String name;

/**把主键类对象作为成员变量*/

private DepartmentPK departmentPK;

private int empCount;

private Date birthday;

// public String getArea() {

// return area;

// }

//

// public void setArea(String area) {

// this.area = area;

// }

//

// public String getName() {

// return name;

// }

//

// public void setName(String name) {

// this.name = name;

// }

public int getEmpCount() {

return empCount;

}

public void setEmpCount(int empCount) {

this.empCount = empCount;

}

public Date getBirthday() {

return birthday;

}

public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {

this.birthday = birthday;

}

public DepartmentPK getDepartmentPK() {

return departmentPK;

}

public void setDepartmentPK(DepartmentPK departmentPK) {

this.departmentPK = departmentPK;

}

}

4.2主键类:DepartmentPK.java

public class DepartmentPK implements Serializable {

private static final long serialVersionUID = -288002855915204255L;

private String area;

private String name;

/**

* 覆盖hashCode方法(根据area和name判断)

*/

//@Override

public int hashCode() {

final int prime = 31;

int result = 1;

result = prime * result + ((area == null) ? 0 : area.hashCode());

result = prime * result + ((name == null) ? 0 : name.hashCode());

return result;

}

/**

* 覆盖equals(根据area和name判断)

*/

@Override

public boolean equals(Object obj) {

if (this == obj)

return true;

if (obj == null)

return false;

if (getClass() != obj.getClass())

return false;

final DepartmentPK other = (DepartmentPK) obj;

if (area == null) {

if (other.area != null)

return false;

} else if (!area.equals(other.area))

return false;

if (name == null) {

if (other.name != null)

return false;

} else if (!name.equals(other.name))

return false;

return true;

}

public String getArea() {

return area;

}

public void setArea(String area) {

this.area = area;

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

}

4.3 映射文件Department.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC

"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"

"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping>

<class name="com.yangfei.hibernate.compositePk.entity.Department" table="hibernate_dept_compositePK">

<!-- 联合主键 -->

<!-- name指的是主键对象属性 -->

<composite-id name="departmentPK">

<!-- 这里是主键关联属性 -->

<key-property name="area" />

<key-property name="name" />

</composite-id>

<!-- 其它属性 -->

<property name="empCount" length="4" />

<property name="birthday" type="date" />

</class>

</hibernate-mapping>

4.4 hibernate配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC

"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"

"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<!-- Generated by MyEclipse Hibernate Tools. -->

<hibernate-configuration>

<session-factory>

<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle9Dialect</property>

<property name="connection.url">jdbc:oracle:thin:@127.0.0.1:1521:orcl10</property>

<property name="connection.username">scott</property>

<property name="connection.password">yf123</property>

<property name="connection.driver_class">oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver</property>

<property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>

<mapping resource="com/yangfei/hibernate/compositePk/entity/Department.hbm.xml"/>

</session-factory>

</hibernate-configuration>

4.5测试类:DepartmentTest.java

public class DepartmentTest extends TestCase {

/**

* 测试插入数据

*/

public void save() {

Session session = HibernateUtils.getSession();

Transaction t = session.beginTransaction();

try {

Department dept = new Department();

/** 生成主键对象 */

DepartmentPK deptPK = new DepartmentPK();

deptPK.setArea("北京");

deptPK.setName("研发部");

dept.setDepartmentPK(deptPK);

dept.setEmpCount(100);

dept.setBirthday(new Date());

session.save(dept);

t.commit();

} catch (HibernateException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

t.rollback();

} finally {

HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);

}

}

/**

* 测试加载数据

*/

public void load() {

Session session = HibernateUtils.getSession();

Transaction t = session.beginTransaction();

try {

/** 生成主键对象 */

DepartmentPK deptPK = new DepartmentPK();

deptPK.setArea("北京");

deptPK.setName("研发部");

Department dept=(Department)session.load(Department.class, deptPK);

System.out.println(dept.getDepartmentPK().getArea()+","+dept.getDepartmentPK().getName()+","+dept.getEmpCount()+","+dept.getBirthday());

} catch (HibernateException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

t.rollback();

} finally {

HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);

}

}

/**

* 测试修改数据

*/

public void update() {

Session session = HibernateUtils.getSession();

Transaction t = session.beginTransaction();

try {

/** 生成主键对象 */

DepartmentPK deptPK = new DepartmentPK();

deptPK.setArea("北京");

deptPK.setName("研发部");

Department emp=(Department)session.load(Department.class, deptPK);

System.out.println(emp.getDepartmentPK().getArea()+","+emp.getDepartmentPK().getName()+","+emp.getEmpCount()+","+emp.getBirthday());

emp.setEmpCount(100);

session.saveOrUpdate(emp);

/** 生成主键对象 */

DepartmentPK deptPK2 = new DepartmentPK();

deptPK2.setArea("北京");

deptPK2.setName("研发部");

Department dept=(Department)session.load(Department.class, deptPK2);

System.out.println(dept.getDepartmentPK().getArea()+","+dept.getDepartmentPK().getName()+","+dept.getEmpCount()+","+dept.getBirthday());

t.commit();

} catch (HibernateException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

t.rollback();

} finally {

HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);

}

}

/**

* 测试删除数据

*/

public void delete() {

Session session = HibernateUtils.getSession();

Transaction t = session.beginTransaction();

try {

/** 生成主键对象 */

DepartmentPK deptPK = new DepartmentPK();

deptPK.setArea("北京");

deptPK.setName("研发部");

Department dept=(Department)session.load(Department.class, deptPK);

session.delete(dept);

t.commit();

} catch (HibernateException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

t.rollback();

} finally {

HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);

}

}

}

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