一份超长的MySQL学习笔记(正在更新)
学习资源
视频资料:韩顺平讲MySQL
MySQL安装(Windows):MySQL安装+初始化操作
MySQL本地服务配置(Windows):制作MySQL的Windows服务+创建用户及授权
数据库
备份数据库
mysqldump -u root -p -B 数据库名 > d:\文件名.sql
恢复数据库
SOURCE d:\bak.sql
备份数据库表
mysqldump -u root -p 数据库名 表1 表2 > d:\文件名.sql
表
创建
#创建CREATE TABLE `user`(
id INT,
`name` VARCHAR(255),
`password` VARCHAR(255),
`birthday` DATE)
CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin ENGINE INNODB;
删除
drop table `actor`;
修改
--在password后面添加salary列ALTER TABLE `user`
ADD salary VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL DEFAULT ""
AFTER PASSWORD;
--修改列birthday字段的结构
ALTER TABLE `user`
MODIFY birthday VARCHAR(60) NOT NULL DEFAULT "";
--删除name字段
ALTER TABLE `user`
DROP NAME;
--重命名表
RENAME TABLE `user` TO `student`;
--修改表的字符集为utf8
ALTER TABLE student CHARACTER SET utf8;
--修改列名salary为user_name
ALTER TABLE student
CHANGE salary user_name VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL DEFAULT "";
DESC `user`;--显示表结构,查看所有的列
CRUD
insert
INSERT INTO `goods`(id,good_name,price) VALUES (1,"华为手机",2000);
INSERT INTO `goods`(id,good_name,price)
VALUES (2,"苹果手机",3000);
update
UPDATE `goods`SET price = 1000;UPDATE `goods`SET price = 2000 WHERE good_name="华为手机";
UPDATE `goods`SET price=price+5000 WHERE good_name="苹果手机";
#如果需要修改多个字段,可以通过 set 字段1=值1,字段2=值2...
delete
DELETE FROM `goods` WHERE price=2000;
select
#查找表内所有内容SELECT * FROM student;
#按列查找表内容
SELECT id FROM student;
SELECT `id`,english FROM student;
#去除重复数据(只有这一行每一列的数据相同的时候才会去重)
SELECT DISTINCT english FROM student;
#使用表达式对查询的列进行运算
#在select语句中可使用as语句
SELECT `name`AS`名字`,(chinese+english+math) AS `COUNT` FROM student;
#条件查询
SELECT * FROM student
WHERE `name` = "赵云";
SELECT * FROM student
WHERE `english` > 90;
SELECT * FROM student
WHERE (chinese + english + math) > 200;
#order by
#升序
SELECT `name`,(chinese + english + math)AS`count` FROM student
WHERE (chinese+english+math)>200
ORDER BY math ASC;
#降序
SELECT `name`,(chinese + english + math)AS`count` FROM student
WHERE (chinese+english+math)>200
ORDER BY math DESC;
#多条件升降序查询
SELECT `name`,(chinese+english+math)AS`count` FROM student
WHERE `name` LIKE "张%"
ORDER BY `count` DESC;
where语句中常用到的运算符
MySQL函数
合计/统计函数
#count(返回查询结果的行数)#统计满足条件的某列有多少个,但是会排除为null的情况
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM student;
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM student
WHERE (math+chinese+english)>200;
SELECT COUNT(chinese) FROM student
WHERE chinese>90;
#SUM函数
#仅对数值起作用,否则会报错
SELECT SUM(math) FROM student;
SELECT SUM(math),SUM(chinese),SUM(english) FROM student;
SELECT SUM(chinese+english+math) FROM student;
SELECT SUM(chinese)/COUNT(*) FROM student;
#AVG函数
SELECT AVG(math) FROM student;
SELECT AVG(math+english+chinese) FROM student;
#MAX函数
SELECT MAX(math) FROM student;
#MIN函数
SELECT MIN(math) FROM student;
分组统计
--按照部门查询工资平均值和最大值SELECT AVG(sal),MAX(sal),deptno FROM emp GROUP BY deptno;
--多条件分组
SELECT AVG(sal),MAX(sal),deptno , job FROM emp GROUP BY deptno , job;
--查找平均工资低于2000的部门
SELECT AVG(sal) , deptno FROM emp GROUP BY deptno HAVING AVG(sal) < 2000;
字符串函数
加密和系统函数
--演示加密函数和系统函数
查询增强
WHERE
-- 查询增强-- 使用where子句
-- 在MySQL中,日期类型可以直接比较
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE hiredate <= "1991-12-11"; -- 需要注意格式
-- 模糊查询like
-- %表示0~多个任意字符
-- _表示单个任意字符
SELECT ename,sal FROM emp WHERE ename LIKE "S%" ;
SELECT ename,sal FROM emp WHERE ename LIKE "__o%";
-- 显示没有上级的员工信息
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE mgr IS NULL;
-- 查询表结构
DESC emp;
ORDER BY
-- 使用ORDER BY-- 按照工资从低到高显示信息
SELECT * FROM emp ORDER BY sal; -- 默认降序
SELECT * FROM emp ORDER BY deptno ASC; -- 升序
SELECT * FROM emp ORDER BY deptno ASC , sal DESC;
分页查询
-- 分页查询SELECT * FROM emp ORDER BY empno LIMIT 0,3;-- 第一页
SELECT * FROM emp ORDER BY empno LIMIT 3,3;-- 第二页
分组增强
-- 增强 GROUP BY 的使用SELECT COUNT(*) FROM emp GROUP BY job;-- 各个岗位的人数
SELECT COUNT(*),COUNT(comm) FROM emp;-- 雇员总数、获得补助的雇员数
多子句查询
--统计各部门平均工资,并且大于1000的按照平均工资降序排序,取出前两行数据SELECT deptno,AVG(sal) AS avg_sal
FROM emp
GROUP BY deptno
HAVING avg_sal > 1000
ORDER BY avg_sal DESC
LIMIT 0,2;
多表查询
多表笛卡尔集
-- 多表查询SELECT * FROM emp,dept;
SELECT * FROM emp;
SELECT * FROM dept;
-- 显示雇员名称和雇员所在部门的名称
-- 从第一张表取出一行,与第二张表中的每一行进行组合,返回结果包含两张表的所有列
SELECT ename,sal,dname,emp.deptno FROM emp,dept WHERE emp.deptno = dept.deptno;
-- 显示部门10的部门名、员工名、工资
SELECT ename,sal,dname,emp.deptno FROM emp,dept WHERE emp.deptno = dept.deptno AND emp.deptno = 10;
-- 显示各个员工的姓名、工资和工资级别
SELECT ename,sal,grade FROM emp,salgrade WHERE sal BETWEEN losal AND hisal;
自连接
自连接是指在同一张表的连接查询,即将同一张表看成两张表
-- 自连接SELECT worker.ename AS "职员名",boss.ename AS "上级名"
FROM emp worker,emp boss
WHERE worker.mgr = boss.empno;
以上是 一份超长的MySQL学习笔记(正在更新) 的全部内容, 来源链接: utcz.com/z/536096.html