HBaseFilter过滤器之Comparator原理及源码学习

database

前言:上篇文章HBase Filter 过滤器概述对HBase过滤器的组成及其家谱进行简单介绍,本篇文章主要对HBase过滤器之比较器作一个补充介绍,也算是HBase Filter学习的必备低阶魂技吧。本篇文中源码基于HBase 1.1.2.2.6.5.0-292 HDP版本。

HBase所有的比较器实现类都继承于父类ByteArrayComparable,而ByteArrayComparable又实现了Comparable接口;不同功能的比较器差别在于对父类compareTo()方法的重写逻辑不同。

下面分别对HBase Filter默认实现的七大比较器一一进行介绍。

1. BinaryComparator

介绍:二进制比较器,用于按字典顺序比较指定字节数组。

先看一个小例子:

public class BinaryComparatorDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

BinaryComparator bc = new BinaryComparator(Bytes.toBytes("bbb"));

int code1 = bc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("bbb"), 0, 3);

System.out.println(code1); // 0

int code2 = bc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("aaa"), 0, 3);

System.out.println(code2); // 1

int code3 = bc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("ccc"), 0, 3);

System.out.println(code3); // -1

int code4 = bc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("bbf"), 0, 3);

System.out.println(code4); // -4

int code5 = bc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("bbbedf"), 0, 6);

System.out.println(code5); // -3

}

}

不难看出,该比较器的比较规则如下:

  • 两个字符串首字母不同,则该方法返回首字母的asc码的差值
  • 参与比较的两个字符串如果首字符相同,则比较下一个字符,直到有不同的为止,返回该不同的字符的asc码差值
  • 两个字符串不一样长,可以参与比较的字符又完全一样,则返回两个字符串的长度差值

看一下以上规则对应其compareTo()方法的源码实现:

实现一:

static enum UnsafeComparer implements Bytes.Comparer<byte[]> {

INSTANCE;

....

public int compareTo(byte[] buffer1, int offset1, int length1, byte[] buffer2, int offset2, int length2) {

if (buffer1 == buffer2 && offset1 == offset2 && length1 == length2) {

return 0;

} else {

int minLength = Math.min(length1, length2);

int minWords = minLength / 8;

long offset1Adj = (long)(offset1 + BYTE_ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET);

long offset2Adj = (long)(offset2 + BYTE_ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET);

int j = minWords << 3;

int offset;

for(offset = 0; offset < j; offset += 8) {

long lw = theUnsafe.getLong(buffer1, offset1Adj + (long)offset);

long rw = theUnsafe.getLong(buffer2, offset2Adj + (long)offset);

long diff = lw ^ rw;

if (diff != 0L) {

return lessThanUnsignedLong(lw, rw) ? -1 : 1;

}

}

offset = j;

int b;

int a;

if (minLength - j >= 4) {

a = theUnsafe.getInt(buffer1, offset1Adj + (long)j);

b = theUnsafe.getInt(buffer2, offset2Adj + (long)j);

if (a != b) {

return lessThanUnsignedInt(a, b) ? -1 : 1;

}

offset = j + 4;

}

if (minLength - offset >= 2) {

short sl = theUnsafe.getShort(buffer1, offset1Adj + (long)offset);

short sr = theUnsafe.getShort(buffer2, offset2Adj + (long)offset);

if (sl != sr) {

return lessThanUnsignedShort(sl, sr) ? -1 : 1;

}

offset += 2;

}

if (minLength - offset == 1) {

a = buffer1[offset1 + offset] & 255;

b = buffer2[offset2 + offset] & 255;

if (a != b) {

return a - b;

}

}

return length1 - length2;

}

}

实现二:

static enum PureJavaComparer implements Bytes.Comparer<byte[]> {

INSTANCE;

private PureJavaComparer() {

}

public int compareTo(byte[] buffer1, int offset1, int length1, byte[] buffer2, int offset2, int length2) {

if (buffer1 == buffer2 && offset1 == offset2 && length1 == length2) {

return 0;

} else {

int end1 = offset1 + length1;

int end2 = offset2 + length2;

int i = offset1;

for(int j = offset2; i < end1 && j < end2; ++j) {

int a = buffer1[i] & 255;

int b = buffer2[j] & 255;

if (a != b) {

return a - b;

}

++i;

}

return length1 - length2;

}

}

}

实现一是对实现二的一个优化,都引自Bytes类,HBase优先执行实现一方案,如果有异常再执行实现二方案。如下:

public static int compareTo(byte[] buffer1, int offset1, int length1, byte[] buffer2, int offset2, int length2) {

return Bytes.LexicographicalComparerHolder.BEST_COMPARER.compareTo(buffer1, offset1, length1, buffer2, offset2, length2);

}

...

...

static final String UNSAFE_COMPARER_NAME = Bytes.LexicographicalComparerHolder.class.getName() + "$UnsafeComparer";

static final Bytes.Comparer<byte[]> BEST_COMPARER = getBestComparer();

static Bytes.Comparer<byte[]> getBestComparer() {

try {

Class<?> theClass = Class.forName(UNSAFE_COMPARER_NAME);

Bytes.Comparer<byte[]> comparer = (Bytes.Comparer)theClass.getEnumConstants()[0];

return comparer;

} catch (Throwable var2) {

return Bytes.lexicographicalComparerJavaImpl();

}

}

2. BinaryPrefixComparator

介绍:二进制比较器,只比较前缀是否与指定字节数组相同。

先看一个小例子:

public class BinaryPrefixComparatorDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

BinaryPrefixComparator bc = new BinaryPrefixComparator(Bytes.toBytes("b"));

int code1 = bc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("bbb"), 0, 3);

System.out.println(code1); // 0

int code2 = bc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("aaa"), 0, 3);

System.out.println(code2); // 1

int code3 = bc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("ccc"), 0, 3);

System.out.println(code3); // -1

int code4 = bc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("bbf"), 0, 3);

System.out.println(code4); // 0

int code5 = bc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("bbbedf"), 0, 6);

System.out.println(code5); // 0

int code6 = bc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("ebbedf"), 0, 6);

System.out.println(code6); // -3

}

}

该比较器只是基于BinaryComparator比较器稍作更改而已,以下代码一目了然:

public int compareTo(byte[] value, int offset, int length) {

return Bytes.compareTo(this.value, 0, this.value.length, value, offset, this.value.length <= length ? this.value.length : length);

}

看一下同BinaryComparator方法的异同:

public int compareTo(byte[] value, int offset, int length) {

return Bytes.compareTo(this.value, 0, this.value.length, value, offset, length);

}

区别只在于最后一个传参,即length=min(this.value.length,value.length),取小。这样在后面的字节逐位比较时,即只需比较min length次。

3. BitComparator

介绍:位比价器,通过BitwiseOp提供的AND(与)、OR(或)、NOT(非)进行比较。返回结果要么为1要么为0,仅支持 EQUAL 和非 EQUAL。

先看一个小例子:

public class BitComparatorDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// 长度相同按位或比较:由低位起逐位比较,每一位按位或比较都为0,则返回1,否则返回0。

BitComparator bc1 = new BitComparator(new byte[]{0,0,0,0}, BitComparator.BitwiseOp.OR);

int i = bc1.compareTo(new byte[]{0,0,0,0}, 0, 4);

System.out.println(i); // 1

// 长度相同按位与比较:由低位起逐位比较,每一位按位与比较都为0,则返回1,否则返回0。

BitComparator bc2 = new BitComparator(new byte[]{1,0,1,0}, BitComparator.BitwiseOp.AND);

int j = bc2.compareTo(new byte[]{0,1,0,1}, 0, 4);

System.out.println(j); // 1

// 长度相同按位异或比较:由低位起逐位比较,每一位按位异或比较都为0,则返回1,否则返回0。

BitComparator bc3 = new BitComparator(new byte[]{1,0,1,0}, BitComparator.BitwiseOp.XOR);

int x = bc3.compareTo(new byte[]{1,0,1,0}, 0, 4);

System.out.println(x); // 1

// 长度不同,返回1,否则按位比较

BitComparator bc4 = new BitComparator(new byte[]{1,0,1,0}, BitComparator.BitwiseOp.XOR);

int y = bc4.compareTo(new byte[]{1,0,1}, 0, 3);

System.out.println(y); // 1

}

}

上述注释阐述的规则,对应以下代码:

···

public int compareTo(byte[] value, int offset, int length) {

if (length != this.value.length) {

return 1;

} else {

int b = 0;

	for(int i = length - 1; i >= 0 && b == 0; --i) {

switch(this.bitOperator) {

case AND:

b = this.value[i] & value[i + offset] & 255;

break;

case OR:

b = (this.value[i] | value[i + offset]) & 255;

break;

case XOR:

b = (this.value[i] ^ value[i + offset]) & 255;

}

}

return b == 0 ? 1 : 0;

}

}

···

核心思想就是:由低位起逐位比较,直到b!=0退出循环。

4. LongComparator

介绍:Long 型专用比较器,返回值:0 -1 1。上篇概述没有提到,这里补上。

先看一个小例子:

public class LongComparatorDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

LongComparator longComparator = new LongComparator(1000L);

int i = longComparator.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes(1000L), 0, 8);

System.out.println(i); // 0

int i2 = longComparator.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes(1001L), 0, 8);

System.out.println(i2); // -1

int i3 = longComparator.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes(998L), 0, 8);

System.out.println(i3); // 1

}

}

这个比较器实现相当简单,不多说了,如下:

public int compareTo(byte[] value, int offset, int length) {

Long that = Bytes.toLong(value, offset, length);

return this.longValue.compareTo(that);

}

5. NullComparatorDemo

介绍:控制比较式,判断当前值是不是为null。是null返回0,不是null返回1,仅支持 EQUAL 和非 EQUAL。

先看一个小例子:

public class NullComparatorDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

NullComparator nc = new NullComparator();

int i1 = nc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("abc"));

int i2 = nc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes(""));

int i3 = nc.compareTo(null);

System.out.println(i1); // 1

System.out.println(i2); // 1

System.out.println(i3); // 0

}

}

这个比较器实现相当简单,不多说了,如下:

public int compareTo(byte[] value) {

return value != null ? 1 : 0;

}

6. RegexStringComparator

介绍:提供一个正则的比较器,支持正则表达式的值比较,仅支持 EQUAL 和非 EQUAL。匹配成功返回0,匹配失败返回1。

先看一个小例子:

public class RegexStringComparatorDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

RegexStringComparator rsc = new RegexStringComparator("abc");

int abc = rsc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("abcd"), 0, 3);

System.out.println(abc); // 0

int bcd = rsc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("bcd"), 0, 3);

System.out.println(bcd); // 1

String check = "^([a-z0-9A-Z]+[-|\.]?)+[a-z0-9A-Z]@([a-z0-9A-Z]+(-[a-z0-9A-Z]+)?\.)+[a-zA-Z]{2,}$";

RegexStringComparator rsc2 = new RegexStringComparator(check);

int code = rsc2.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("zpb@163.com"), 0, "zpb@163.com".length());

System.out.println(code); // 0

int code2 = rsc2.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("zpb#163.com"), 0, "zpb#163.com".length());

System.out.println(code2); // 1

}

}

其compareTo()方法有两种引擎实现,对应两套正则匹配规则,分别是JAVA版和JONI版(面向JRuby),默认为RegexStringComparator.EngineType.JAVA。如下:

public int compareTo(byte[] value, int offset, int length) {

return this.engine.compareTo(value, offset, length);

}

public static enum EngineType {

JAVA,

JONI;

private EngineType() {

}

}

具体实现都很简单,都是调用正则语法匹配。以下是JAVA EngineType 实现:

public int compareTo(byte[] value, int offset, int length) {

String tmp;

if (length < value.length / 2) {

tmp = new String(Arrays.copyOfRange(value, offset, offset + length), this.charset);

} else {

tmp = new String(value, offset, length, this.charset);

}

return this.pattern.matcher(tmp).find() ? 0 : 1;

}

JONI EngineType 实现:

public int compareTo(byte[] value, int offset, int length) {

Matcher m = this.pattern.matcher(value);

return m.search(offset, length, this.pattern.getOptions()) < 0 ? 1 : 0;

}

都很容易理解,不多说了。

7. SubstringComparator

介绍:判断提供的子串是否出现在value中,并且不区分大小写。包含字串返回0,不包含返回1,仅支持 EQUAL 和非 EQUAL。

先看一个小例子:

public class SubstringComparatorDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

String value = "aslfjllkabcxxljsl";

SubstringComparator sc = new SubstringComparator("abc");

int i = sc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes(value), 0, value.length());

System.out.println(i); // 0

SubstringComparator sc2 = new SubstringComparator("abd");

int i2 = sc2.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes(value), 0, value.length());

System.out.println(i2); // 1

SubstringComparator sc3 = new SubstringComparator("ABC");

int i3 = sc3.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes(value), 0, value.length());

System.out.println(i3); // 0

}

}

这个比较器实现也相当简单,不多说了,如下:

public int compareTo(byte[] value, int offset, int length) {

return Bytes.toString(value, offset, length).toLowerCase().contains(this.substr) ? 0 : 1;

}

到此,七种比较器就介绍完了。如果对源码不敢兴趣,也建议一定要看看文中的小例子,熟悉下每种比较器的构造函数及结果输出。后续在使用HBase过滤器的过程中,会经常用到。当然除了这七种比较器,大家也可以自定义比较器。

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