[MySQL]查看explain中的key_len判断究竟使用了哪个索引
在一张表里有多个索引 , 我们where字段里条件有多个索引的值 , 那么究竟使用的哪个呢?
我们可以使用explain来查看 , 其中的key_len字段可以看得出来
比如下面这条sql
explain select * from ent_calendar_diary where email="xxxx" and diary_id=1784;
+----+-------------+--------------------+------------+-------+-------------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+--------------------+------------+-------+-------------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | ent_calendar_diary | NULL | const | PRIMARY,idx_email_stime | PRIMARY | 4 | const | 1 | 100.00 | NULL |
+----+-------------+--------------------+------------+-------+-------------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
possible_keys里面有两个索引字段 , 但是看key_len 是4个字节
列类型 key_len 备注
id int
key_len = 4+1 = 5
允许NULL,加1-byte
id int not null
key_len = 4
不允许NULL
user char(30) utf8
key_len = 30*3+1
允许NULL
user varchar(30) not null utf8
key_len = 30*3+2
动态列类型,加2-bytes
user varchar(30) utf8
key_len = 30*3+2+1
动态列类型,加2-bytes;允许NULL,再加1-byte
detail text(10) utf8
key_len = 30*3+2+1
TEXT列截取部分,被视为动态列类型,加2-bytes;且允许NULL
备注,key_len 只指示了WHERE中用于条件过滤时被选中的索引列,是不包含 ORDER BY/GROUP BY
int类型并且not null 是4个字节 , 因此上面的sql是使用的主键索引
explain select * from ent_calendar_diary where email="xxxx";
+----+-------------+--------------------+------------+------+-----------------+-----------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+--------------------+------------+------+-----------------+-----------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | ent_calendar_diary | NULL | ref | idx_email_stime | idx_email_stime | 767 | const | 111 | 100.00 | NULL |
+----+-------------+--------------------+------------+------+-----------------+-----------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
这个是767个字节 , varchar(255) not null 255 * 3 +2正好符合 , 因此是使用的email那个普通索引
CREATE TABLE `ent_calendar_diary` (
`diary_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`email` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`title` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`summary` varchar(500) NOT NULL DEFAULT "",
`stime` bigint(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT "0",
`ctime` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT "0",
PRIMARY KEY (`diary_id`),
KEY `idx_email_stime` (`email`,`stime`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1809 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
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