基于django快速开发一个网站(一）

  • Z时代
  • 2024-01-10
  • 分类：综合

python

基于django快速开发一个网站(一）

*  创建虚拟环境、基于虚拟环境创建django==2.0.0和图片加载库和mysql数据库驱动

1. 创建目录并创建虚拟环境

╰$ mkdir Cornucopiavirtualenv
╰$ cd Cornucopiavirtualenv
╰$ virtualenv env1

2. 进入bin目录，并激活虚拟环境

╰$ cd bin
╰$ source activate

3. 进入环境、创建django和Pillow、PyMySQL

╰$ pip install django==2.0.0
╰$ pip install pillow
╰$ pip install pymysql
或者也可以
╰$ pip install pymysql pillow django==2.0.0

4. 创建Cornucopia的项目并设置book模块，并设置中文和中国上海的时区

╰$ django-admin startproject Cornucopia
╰$ python3 manage.py startapp book

4-1. 设置中文和中国上海的时区（在settings.py中修改）

LANGUAGE_CODE = "zh-hans"
TIME_ZONE = "Asia/Shanghai"

5. 创建model模型数据

class User(models.Model):
    nickname = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True)
    email = models.EmailField("email address", blank=True, unique=True)
def__str__(self):
return self.nickname
class Category(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField("分类名称", max_length=128)
def__str__(self):
return self.name
class Meta:
        verbose_name = "书籍分类"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class Tag(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField("标签", max_length=128)
def__str__(self):
return self.name
class Meta:
        verbose_name = "书籍标签"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class Entry(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField("文章标题", max_length=128)
    author = models.ForeignKey(User, verbose_name="作者", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    book_imge = models.ImageField(upload_to="blog_img", null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="书籍配图")
# body = models.TextField("正文", )
    body = MDTextField()
# abstract = models.TextField("摘要", max_length=256, null=True, blank=True)
    abstract = MDTextField()
    visiting = models.PositiveIntegerField("访问量", default=0)
    category = models.ManyToManyField("Category", verbose_name="博客分类")
    tags = models.ManyToManyField("Tag", verbose_name="标签")
    created_time = models.DateTimeField("创建时间", auto_now_add=True)
    modifyed_time = models.DateTimeField("修改时间", auto_now=True)
def__str__(self):
return self.title
class Meta:
        ordering = ["-created_time"]
        verbose_name = "    书籍正文"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

6.  设置数据库链接方式在settings.py中修改

import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
DATABASES = {
"default": {
"ENGINE": "django.db.backends.mysql",
"NAME": "books",  # 数据库名字
"USER": "root",  # 账号
"PASSWORD": "",  # 密码
"HOST": "localhost",  # IP
"PORT": "3306",  # 端口
    }
# "default": {
#     "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.sqlite3",
#     "NAME": os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "db.sqlite3"),
# }
}

7. 将新的模块book加入系统中

# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
"django.contrib.admin",
"django.contrib.auth",
"django.contrib.contenttypes",
"django.contrib.sessions",
"django.contrib.messages",
"django.contrib.staticfiles",
"book",
]

8.  迁移数据、到数据库

╰$ python3 manage.py makemigrations
╰$ python3 manage.py migrate

9. 创建超级管理员，根据提示一步一步来

╰$ python3 manage.py createsuperuser

10. 在urls.py中进行路由配置

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin
urlpatterns = [
    url(r"admin/", admin.site.urls),
    url(r"^", include("book.urls")),
]

11. 在book模块中，创建urls.py配置路由

from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
app_name = "book"
urlpatterns = [
    url(r"^$", views.index, name="book_index"),
    url(r"^(?P<blog_id>[0-9]+)", views.detail, name="book_detail"),
]

12. 配置前端页面在Cornucopia/book下创建templates/book，两个目录，在settings.py配置templates路径

TEMPLATES = [
    {
"BACKEND": "django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates",
"DIRS": [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "templates")],
"APP_DIRS": True,
"OPTIONS": {
"context_processors": [
"django.template.context_processors.debug",
"django.template.context_processors.request",
"django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth",
"django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages",
            ],
        },
    },
]

13. 创建index.html和detail.html

14.配置静态文件目录在Cornucopia/book下创建static/css，两个目录，在settings.py配置templates路径

STATIC_URL = "/static/"
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static").replace("", "/"),
]

15.admin.py配置后台现在内容

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
class EntryAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ["title","author","visiting","created_time","modifyed_time"]
admin.site.register(models.Category)
admin.site.register(models.Tag)
admin.site.register(models.Entry,EntryAdmin)

16.启动程序、登入后台

╰$ python3 manage.py runserver 127.0.0.1:8001

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