bash数组
有2种数组:
- 索引数组
- 关联数组(java里的Hashmap),用key关联value
声明数组:
#声明索引数组declare -a ary
#声明关联数组
declare -a ary
引用数组:${ary[idx]}
必须加大括号
直接访问数组名,就是访问第一个元素
[root@localhost ~]# ani[0]=dog[root@localhost ~]# ani[1]=cat
[root@localhost ~]# echo ani
ani
[root@localhost ~]# echo ani[0]
ani[0]
[root@localhost ~]# echo $ani[0]
dog[0]
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${ani[0]}
dog
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${ani[1]}
cat
给数组赋值
单个赋值:ary[idx]=val
多个赋值:ary=(val1 val2...)
[root@localhost ~]# ary=(1 2 3 4 )
[root@localhost ~]# echo $ary
1
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${ary[0]}
1
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${ary[2]}
3
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${ary[1]}
2
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${ary[3]}
4
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${ary[4]}
[root@localhost ~]#
跳跃赋值:ary=([0]="aa" [3]="dd")
[root@localhost ~]# ary=([0]="aa" [3]="dd")
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${ary[0]}
aa
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${ary[1]}
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${ary[3]}
dd
read读取数组
就选项-a就是读取数组
# read -a lia b 1 d a2
[root@localhost ~]# echo $li
a
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${li[0]}
a
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${li[2]}
1
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${li[4]}
a2
取得数组元素的个数
- ${#ary[*]}
- ${#ary[@]}
取得数组中某个元素的长度
${#ary[indx/名字]}
得到数组的所以元素
- ${ary[*]}
- ${ary[@]}
关联数组
关联数组使用前最好先声明,使用-A选项声明。
[root@localhost scripts]# declare -A map[root@localhost scripts]# map=([aa]=df12 [dd]=132432 [2]=12d)
[root@localhost scripts]# echo ${map[*]}
132432 df12 12d
[root@localhost scripts]# echo ${map[aa]}
df12
[root@localhost scripts]# echo ${map[2]}
12d
[root@localhost ~]# declare -A l3
[root@localhost ~]# l3[a]=aa
[root@localhost ~]# l3[b]=bb
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${l3[a]}
aa
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${l3[b]}
bb
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${#l3[*]}
2
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${#l3[@]}
2
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${#l3[a]}
2
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${#l3[b]}
2
[root@localhost ~]# l3[c]=1dsfs
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${#l3[c]}
5
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${l3[*]}
aa bb 1dsfs
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${l3[@]}
aa bb 1dsfs
数组的切片
${ary[@]:offset:length}
- offset:从第几个开始切
- length:切多长
[root@localhost scripts]# l1=(1 2 3 4 5 6)[root@localhost scripts]# echo ${l1[@]:2:2}
3 4
删除数组里某个元素
# l1=(1 2 3 4 5 6)[root@localhost scripts]# echo ${l1[@]:2:2}
3 4
[root@localhost scripts]# unset l1[1]
[root@localhost scripts]# echo ${l1[@]}
1 3 4 5 6
练习
1,生成10个随机整数,求最大值
$RANDOM是内置变量,能生成随机整数。
#!/bin/bash#
declare -a rand
declare -i max=0
for i in {0..9}; do
rand[$i]=$RANDOM
echo ${rand[$i]}
if [ $max -lt ${rand[$i]} ]; then
max=${rand[$i]}
fi
done
echo "max is $max"
2,统计/var/log/*.log文件的行数之和。
关键点:files=(/var/log/*.log)。括号里是globbing风格,会自动展开。
#!/bin/bash#
declare -a files
declare -i lines
files=(/var/log/*.log)
for ((i=0;i<${#files[*]};i++)); do
let lines+=`wc -l ${files[$i]} | cut -d" " -f1`
done
echo $lines
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