使用Nginx缓存加速WordPress站点

Z时代
2024-01-10
分类：综合

博客开通以来，主要记录学习和使用过程中遇到的问题及解决方案。文章风格偏向自娱自乐，因此访问量较少，一台1核1G的vps足以支撑网站的正常运行。

后来本站引入三个页面，这三个页面应该对有上外网需求的网友很有帮助，也给本站带来了很大的流量。本站用的WordPress程序，尝试过安装各种缓存插件（super cache, w3 total cache等）加速运行，但是低配的vps依然难以支持这么大的访问量。通过日志可以看到随着访问量的增加，php-fpm进程增多，Mysql的连接和线程增多，接着出现OOM，然后系统kill掉占用内存最大的Mysql进程，于是网站进入503宕机模式。

买更好的vps能解决访问量大的问题，但是要花更多的钱。做为一个技术宅，首先想到的当然是如何榨干现有机器来支撑大流量。做过的尝试包括切换到比WordPress性能更好的Ghost，参考：尝试Ghost 。但是相对于WordPress，Ghost的生态远没有那么成熟，最终放弃了。

左思右想下，终极解决办法是用Nginx缓存，最初的文章可参考：Nginx配置fastcgi cache。fastcgi_cache的好处是大部分用户的请求不用后端php-fpm打交道，直接发送缓存的静态页面，速度上甩各种WordPress插件好几条街！相比之下wordpress的各种插件还要执行php，也避免不了访问数据库，弱爆了！

自从使用了nginx缓存，网站平稳运行，再也没有出现过宕机的现象。同时vps的cpu和内存占用率直线下降，再也无需担心vps的配置问题，感觉再来10倍流量博客也撑得住！

因为nginx稳如狗的体验，所以现在对于博客类读多写少的产品都是强推nginx缓存（fastcgi缓存或者proxy缓存）。鉴于可能帮到一些网友，现贴出 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 配置文件供网友参考（包含ssl设置和gzip部分）：

# 文件： /etc/nginx/nginx.conf # For more information on configuration, see: # * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/ # * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/ user nginx; worker_processes auto; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; pid /run/nginx.pid; # Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic. include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { log_format main "$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" " "$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" " ""$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for" "$request_time""; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main buffer=32k flush=30s; server_tokens off; client_max_body_size 100m; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 65; types_hash_max_size 2048; include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; # ssl配置 ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3; ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA512:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA512:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384; ssl_ecdh_curve secp384r1; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m; ssl_session_timeout 10m; ssl_session_tickets off; ssl_stapling on; # Requires nginx >= 1.3.7 ssl_stapling_verify on; # Requires nginx => 1.3.7 add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; preload"; #add_header X-Frame-Options DENY; add_header X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN; add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff; add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block"; # 请按照自己的需求更改 fastcgi_cache_path /var/cache/nginx/tlanyan levels=1:2 keys_zone=tlanyan:10m inactive=30m use_temp_path=off; fastcgi_cache_key $request_method$scheme$host$request_uri; # note: can also use HTTP headers to form the cache key, e.g. #fastcgi_cache_key $scheme$request_method$host$request_uri$http_x_custom_header; #fastcgi_cache_lock on; fastcgi_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header updating http_500; fastcgi_cache_valid 200 301 302 10h; fastcgi_cache_valid 404 10m; fastcgi_ignore_headers Expires Set-Cookie Vary; # gzip 配置 gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_comp_level 7; gzip_types text/css text/plain text/javascript application/javascript application/json application/x-javascript application/xml application/xml+rss application/xhtml+xml application/x-font-ttf application/x-font-opentype application/vnd.ms-fontobject image/svg+xml image/x-icon application/rss+xml application/atom_xml image/jpeg image/gif image/png image/icon image/bmp image/jpg; gzip_vary on; # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory. # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include # for more information. include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; }

以及用于WordPress站点的网站配置文件（/etc/nginx/conf.d/tlanyan.conf）:

server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;
    server_name www.tlanyan.me tlanyan.me; # 请换成自己的域名
    rewrite ^(.*) https://$server_name$1 permanent;
}
server {
    listen       443 ssl http2;
    listen       [::]:443 ssl http2;
    server_name www.tlanyan.me tlanyan.me; # 请换成自己的域名
    charset utf-8;
    ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/conf.d/tlanyan.pem;  # 请换成自己的证书和密钥
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/conf.d/tlanyan.key;
    set $host_path "/var/www/tlanyan";  # 请改成自己的路径
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/tlanyan.access.log  main buffer=32k flush=30s;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/tlanyan.error.log;
    root   $host_path;
    # 缓存标记
    set $skip_cache 0;
    if ($query_string != "") {
        set $skip_cache 1;
    }
    if ($request_uri ~* "/wp-admin/|/xmlrpc.php|wp-.*.php|/feed/|sitemap(_index)?.xml") {
        set $skip_cache 1;
    }
    # 登录用户或发表评论者
    if ($http_cookie ~* "comment_author|wordpress_[a-f0-9]+|wp-postpass|wordpress_no_cache|wordpress_logged_in") {
        set $skip_cache 1;
    }
    location = / {
        index  index.php index.html;
        try_files /index.php?$args /index.php?$args;
    }
    location / {
        index  index.php index.html;
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
    }
    location ~ ^/.user.ini {
            deny all;
    }
    location ~ .php$ {
        try_files $uri =404;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_cache tlanyan;
        fastcgi_cache_valid 200 301 302 30m;
        fastcgi_cache_valid 404 10m;
        fastcgi_cache_bypass $skip_cache;
        fastcgi_no_cache $skip_cache;
        fastcgi_cache_lock on;
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    }
    location ~ .(js|css|png|jpg|gif|swf|ico|pdf|mov|fla|zip|rar|jpeg)$ {
        expires max;
        access_log off;
        try_files $uri =404;
    }
}