李晓菁201771010114《面向对象程序设计（java）》第十七周学习总结

  • Z时代
  • 2024-01-10
  • 分类：综合

java

 1.Java通过多线程的并发运行提高系统资源利用率，改善系统性能。

2.假设有两个或两个以上的线程共享 某个对象，每个线程都调用了改变该对象类状态的方法，就会引起的不确定性。

3.多线程并发执行中的问题

◆多个线程相对执行的顺序是不确定的。

◆线程执行顺序的不确定性会产生执行结果的不确定性。

◆在多线程对共享数据操作时常常会产生这种不确定性。

4.多线程并发运行不确定性问题解决方案：引入线程同步机制。

5.（1）锁对象与条件对象

           用ReentrantLock保护代码块的基本结构如下：

           myLock.lock();

           try { critical section }

           finally{

           myLock.unlock();

   }

   （2）synchronized关键字

          synchronized关键字作用：

         ➢ 某个类内方法用synchronized 修饰后，该方 法被称为同步方法；

         ➢ 只要某个线程正在访问同步方法，其他线程 欲要访问同步方法就被阻塞，直至线程从同 步方法返回前唤醒被阻塞线程，其他线程方 可能进入同步方法。

实验十七  线程同步控制

实验时间 2018-12-10

1、实验目的与要求

(1) 掌握线程同步的概念及实现技术；

(2) 线程综合编程练习

2、实验内容和步骤

实验1：测试程序并进行代码注释。

测试程序1：

l 在Elipse环境下调试教材651页程序14-7，结合程序运行结果理解程序；

l 掌握利用锁对象和条件对象实现的多线程同步技术。

package synch;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.*;
/**
 * A bank with a number of bank accounts that uses locks for serializing access.
 * @version 1.30 2004-08-01
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class Bank
{
   private final double[] accounts;
   private Lock bankLock;
   private Condition sufficientFunds;
   /**
    * Constructs the bank.
    * @param n the number of accounts
    * @param initialBalance the initial balance for each account
    */
   public Bank(int n, double initialBalance)
   {
      accounts = new double[n];
      Arrays.fill(accounts, initialBalance);
      bankLock = new ReentrantLock();
      sufficientFunds = bankLock.newCondition();//在等待条件前，锁必须由当前线程保持。
   }
   /**
    * Transfers money from one account to another.
    * @param from the account to transfer from
    * @param to the account to transfer to
    * @param amount the amount to transfer
    */
   public void transfer(int from, int to, double amount) throws InterruptedException
   {
      bankLock.lock();//获取锁
      try
      {
         while (accounts[from] < amount)
            sufficientFunds.await();//造成当前线程在接到信号或被中断之前一直处于等待状态。
         System.out.print(Thread.currentThread());
         accounts[from] -= amount;
         System.out.printf(" %10.2f from %d to %d", amount, from, to);
         accounts[to] += amount;
         System.out.printf(" Total Balance: %10.2f%n", getTotalBalance());
         sufficientFunds.signalAll();//如果所有的线程都在等待此条件，则唤醒所有线程
      }
      finally
      {
         bankLock.unlock();//释放锁。 
      }
   }
   /**
    * Gets the sum of all account balances.
    * @return the total balance
    */
   public double getTotalBalance()
   {
      bankLock.lock();
      try
      {
         double sum = 0;
         for (double a : accounts)
            sum += a;
         return sum;
      }
      finally
      {
         bankLock.unlock();
      }
   }
   /**
    * Gets the number of accounts in the bank.
    * @return the number of accounts
    */
   public int size()
   {
      return accounts.length;
   }
}

bank

package synch;
/**
 * This program shows how multiple threads can safely access a data structure.
 * @version 1.31 2015-06-21
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class SynchBankTest
{
   public static final int NACCOUNTS = 100;
   public static final double INITIAL_BALANCE = 1000;
   public static final double MAX_AMOUNT = 1000;
   public static final int DELAY = 10;
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      Bank bank = new Bank(NACCOUNTS, INITIAL_BALANCE);
      for (int i = 0; i < NACCOUNTS; i++)
      {
         int fromAccount = i;
         Runnable r = () -> {
            try
            {
               while (true)
               {
                  int toAccount = (int) (bank.size() * Math.random());
                  double amount = MAX_AMOUNT * Math.random();
                  bank.transfer(fromAccount, toAccount, amount);
                  Thread.sleep((int) (DELAY * Math.random()));
               }
            }
            catch (InterruptedException e)
            {
            }            
         };
         Thread t = new Thread(r);
         t.start();
      }
   }
}

synch

测试程序2：

l 在Elipse环境下调试教材655页程序14-8，结合程序运行结果理解程序；

l 掌握synchronized在多线程同步中的应用。

package synch2;
import java.util.*;
/**
 * A bank with a number of bank accounts that uses synchronization primitives.
 * @version 1.30 2004-08-01
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class Bank
{
   private final double[] accounts;
   /**
    * Constructs the bank.
    * @param n the number of accounts
    * @param initialBalance the initial balance for each account
    */
   public Bank(int n, double initialBalance)
   {
      accounts = new double[n];
      Arrays.fill(accounts, initialBalance);
   }
   /**
    * Transfers money from one account to another.
    * @param from the account to transfer from
    * @param to the account to transfer to
    * @param amount the amount to transfer
    */
   public synchronized void transfer(int from, int to, double amount) throws InterruptedException
   {
      while (accounts[from] < amount)
         wait();//在其他线程调用此对象的 notify() 方法或 notifyAll() 方法前，导致当前线程等待
      System.out.print(Thread.currentThread());
      accounts[from] -= amount;
      System.out.printf(" %10.2f from %d to %d", amount, from, to);
      accounts[to] += amount;
      System.out.printf(" Total Balance: %10.2f%n", getTotalBalance());
      notifyAll();//唤醒在此对象监视器上等待的所有线程
   }
   /**
    * Gets the sum of all account balances.
    * @return the total balance
    */
   public synchronized double getTotalBalance()
   {
      double sum = 0;
      for (double a : accounts)
         sum += a;
      return sum;
   }
   /**
    * Gets the number of accounts in the bank.
    * @return the number of accounts
    */
   public int size()
   {
      return accounts.length;
   }
}

bank

package synch2;
/**
 * This program shows how multiple threads can safely access a data structure,
 * using synchronized methods.
 * @version 1.31 2015-06-21
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class SynchBankTest2
{
   public static final int NACCOUNTS = 100;
   public static final double INITIAL_BALANCE = 1000;
   public static final double MAX_AMOUNT = 1000;
   public static final int DELAY = 10;
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      Bank bank = new Bank(NACCOUNTS, INITIAL_BALANCE);
      for (int i = 0; i < NACCOUNTS; i++)
      {
         int fromAccount = i;
         Runnable r = () -> {
            try
            {
               while (true)
               {
                  int toAccount = (int) (bank.size() * Math.random());
                  double amount = MAX_AMOUNT * Math.random();
                  bank.transfer(fromAccount, toAccount, amount);
                  Thread.sleep((int) (DELAY * Math.random()));
               }
            }
            catch (InterruptedException e)
            {
            }
         };
         Thread t = new Thread(r);
         t.start();
      }
   }
}

synch

测试程序3：

l 在Elipse环境下运行以下程序，结合程序运行结果分析程序存在问题；

l 尝试解决程序中存在问题。

class Cbank

{

     private static int s=2000;

     public   static void sub(int m)

     {

           int temp=s;

           temp=temp-m;

          try {

     Thread.sleep((int)(1000*Math.random()));

   }

           catch (InterruptedException e)  {              }

          s=temp;

          System.out.println("s="+s);

  }

}

 

 

class Customer extends Thread

{

  public void run()

  {

   for( int i=1; i<=4; i++)

     Cbank.sub(100);

    }

 }

public class Thread3

{

 public static void main(String args[])

  {

   Customer customer1 = new Customer();

   Customer customer2 = new Customer();

   customer1.start();

   customer2.start();

  }

}

运行结果显示两个线程各自运行各自的：

修改后的代码：

class Cbank
{
     private static int s=2000;
     public synchronized static void sub(int m)
     {
           int temp=s;
           temp=temp-m;
          try {
      Thread.sleep((int)(1000*Math.random()));
    }
           catch (InterruptedException e)  {              }
           s=temp;
           System.out.println("s="+s);
   }
}
class Customer extends Thread
{
  public void run()
  {
   for( int i=1; i<=4; i++)
     Cbank.sub(100);
    }
 }
public class Thread3
{
 public static void main(String args[])
  {
   Customer customer1 = new Customer();
   Customer customer2 = new Customer();
   customer1.start();
   customer2.start();
  }
}

实验2 编程练习

利用多线程及同步方法，编写一个程序模拟火车票售票系统，共3个窗口，卖10张票，程序输出结果类似（程序输出不唯一，可以是其他类似结果）。

Thread-0窗口售：第1张票

Thread-0窗口售：第2张票

Thread-1窗口售：第3张票

Thread-2窗口售：第4张票

Thread-2窗口售：第5张票

Thread-1窗口售：第6张票

Thread-0窗口售：第7张票

Thread-2窗口售：第8张票

Thread-1窗口售：第9张票

Thread-0窗口售：第10张票

import javax.swing.plaf.SliderUI;
public class Demo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
 Mythread mythread=new Mythread();
 Thread t1=new Thread(mythread);
 Thread t2=new Thread(mythread);
 Thread t3=new Thread(mythread);
 t1.start();
 t2.start();
 t3.start();
}
}
 /*
    new Thread() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            System.out.println();
    };
}.start();
}
}*/
class Mythread implements Runnable{
int t=1;
boolean flag=true;
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(flag) {
            try {
            Thread.sleep(500);
            }
            catch (InterruptedException e) {
                // TODO: handle exception
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            synchronized (this) {
            if(t<=10) {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"窗口售：第"+t+"张票");
                t++;
            }
            if(t<0) {
                flag=false;
            }
        }
    }
    }
}

实验总结;通过本次实验，我学习到了线程同步的概念，以及如何处理。通过本学期的学习，由刚开始的新手小白，对Java一无所知，

到通过大量的练习慢慢对Java编程有所熟悉，虽然现在还不是很熟练，但在课程结束后仍需继续关注学习Java的知识及编程。

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