Java中ArrayList实现原理

java

简述:

  • ArrayList可以理解为动态数组,与Java中的数组相比,它的容量能动态增长。超出限制时会增加50%容量,用System.arraycopy()复制到新的数组中,因此最好能给出数组大小的预估值;
  • 容量大小也可以在程序中通过ensureCapacity(int minCapacity)方法来调整;
  • 默认第一次插入元素时创建大小为10的数组(注意,是在插入元素时,而不是new ArrayList时);
  • ArrayList继承了AbstractList,实现了List;实现了RandomAccess接口,即提供了随机访问功能;实现了Cloneable接口,覆盖了clone()方法,能被克隆;实现了Serializable接口,支持序列化;

数据结构:

  使用Object数组实现

1   /**

2 * The array buffer into which the elements of the ArrayList are stored.

3 * The capacity of the ArrayList is the length of this array buffer. Any

4 * empty ArrayList with elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA

5 * will be expanded to DEFAULT_CAPACITY when the first element is added.

6 */

7 transient Object[] elementData; // non-private to simplify nested class access

构造方法:

  提供了三种方式的构造器:

  1. public ArrayList() 可以构造一个空列表;
  2. public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) 构造一个指定初始容量的空列表;
  3. public ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) 构造一个包含指定collection的元素的列表,这些元素按照该collection的迭代器返回它们的顺序排列;

 1 /**

2 * Constructs an empty list with the specified initial capacity.

3 * @param initialCapacity the initial capacity of the list

4 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified initial capacity

5 * is negative

6 */

7 public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {

8 if (initialCapacity > 0) {

9 this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];

10 } else if (initialCapacity == 0) {

11 this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;

12 } else {

13 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+

14 initialCapacity);

15 }

16 }

17 /**

18 * Constructs an empty list with an initial capacity of ten.

19 */

20 public ArrayList() {

21 this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;

22 }

23 /**

24 * Constructs a list containing the elements of the specified

25 * collection, in the order they are returned by the collection's

26 * iterator.

27 * @param c the collection whose elements are to be placed into this list

28 * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null

29 */

30 public ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) {

31 elementData = c.toArray();

32 if ((size = elementData.length) != 0) {

33 // c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652)

34 if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class)

35 elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, Object[].class);

36 } else {

37 // replace with empty array.

38 this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;

39 }

40 }

View Code

存储:

  1.set(int index, E element)

  该方法首先通过rangeCheck(index)来校验index变量是否超出数组范围,超出则抛出异常。然后取出原index位置的值作为oldValue,并将新的element放入index位置,最后返回oldValue。

 1   public E set(int index, E element) {

2 rangeCheck(index);

3 E oldValue = elementData(index);

4 elementData[index] = element;

5 return oldValue;

6 }

7 private void rangeCheck(int index) {

8 if (index >= size)

9 throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));

10 }

11 E elementData(int index) {

12 return (E) elementData[index];

13 }

  2.add(E e)

  该方法是将指定的元素添加到列表的尾部。首先判断list是否需要扩容,然后再将元素添加到数组中。

 1   public boolean add(E e) {

2 ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!!

3 elementData[size++] = e;

4 return true;

5 }

6 private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {

7 if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) {

8 minCapacity = Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);

9 }

10 ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity);

11 }

12 private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {

13 modCount++;

14 // overflow-conscious code

15 if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)

16 grow(minCapacity);

17 }

18 private void grow(int minCapacity) {

19 // overflow-conscious code

20 int oldCapacity = elementData.length;

21 // 扩展为原来size的1.5倍大小

22 int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);

23 // 如果扩为1.5倍大小仍不能满足需求,则直接扩为需求值(minCapacity)

24 if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)

25 newCapacity = minCapacity;

26 if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)

27 newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);

28 // minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:

29 elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);

30 }

31 private static int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) {

32 if (minCapacity < 0) // overflow

33 throw new OutOfMemoryError();

34 return (minCapacity > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) ?

35 Integer.MAX_VALUE :

36 MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;

37 }

删除:

  ArrayList提供了根据下标或者指定对象两种方式的删除功能:

  1.public E remove(int index)

 1     public E remove(int index) {

2 rangeCheck(index);

3 modCount++;

4 E oldValue = elementData(index);

5 int numMoved = size - index - 1;

6 if (numMoved > 0)

7 System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,

8 numMoved);

9 elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work

10 return oldValue;

11 }

  2.public boolean remove(Object o)

    public boolean remove(Object o) {

if (o == null) {

for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)

if (elementData[index] == null) {

fastRemove(index);

return true;

}

} else {

for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)

if (o.equals(elementData[index])) {

fastRemove(index);

return true;

}

}

return false;

}

读取:

  1.get(int index)

  该方法会判断输入的index是否越界,然后将数组的index位置的元素返回即可。

1     public E get(int index) {

2 rangeCheck(index);

3 return elementData(index);

4 }

5 private void rangeCheck(int index) {

6 if (index >= size)

7 throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));

8 }

扩容:

  扩容代码上边提到过,不再赘述。

  数组进行扩容时,会将老数组中的元素重新拷贝一份到新的数组中,每次数组容量的增长是原容量的1.5倍。

  这种操作的代价还是很高的,因此在实际使用时,我们应该尽量避免数组容量的扩张。

  如果我们可预知要保存的元素是多少时,要在构造ArrayList实例时,就指定其容量,以避免数组扩容的发生。

  或者根据实际需求,在程序中通过调用ensureCapacity(int minCapacity)方法来手动调整ArrayList实例的容量,如想调整容量的增长策略,可继承ArrayList,并覆盖ensureCapacity方法。

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