初始JAVA中浅拷贝和深拷贝

java

public static void main(String[] args) {

int a = 5;

int b = a;

System.out.println(a);

System.out.println(b);

}

八种基本数据类型的(int,boolean,char,byte,short,float,double.long)都适用于这种情况。

2. 对象的复制

对象的复制并没有基本类型变量的复制这么简单,下面看一个例子

2.1 准备一个Student类

package com.jepson.java;

/**

* @author jepson

* @create 2018-09-21 23:20

*/

public class Student {

private String name;

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

}

2.2 测试Object的测试

package com.jepson.java;

/**

* @author jepson

* @create 2018-09-21 23:21

*/

public class TestObjectCopy {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Student stu1 = new Student();

stu1.setName("jepson");

Student stu2 = stu1;

System.out.println("student1:"+stu1.getName());

System.out.println("student2:"+stu2.getName());

}

}

2.3 运行结果

student1:jepson

student2:jepson

2.4 总结

这里我们自定义了一个学生类,该类只有一个name字段。

我们新建了一个学生实例,然后将该值赋值给stu2实例。(Student stu2 = stu1;)

再看看打印结果,作为一个新手,拍了拍胸腹,对象复制不过如此,

难道真的是这样吗?

2.5 举一反三

我们试着改变stu2实例的name字段,再打印结果看看

package com.jepson.java;

/**

* @author jepson

* @create 2018-09-21 23:21

*/

public class TestObjectCopy {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Student stu1 = new Student();

stu1.setName("jepson");

Student stu2 = stu1;

stu2.setName("tom");

System.out.println("student1:"+stu1.getName());

System.out.println("student2:"+stu2.getName());

}

}

打印结果

student1:tom

student2:tom

 这就怪了,为什么改变学生2的学号,学生1的学号也发生了变化呢?

原因出在(stu2 = stu1) 这一句。该语句的作用是将stu1的引用赋值给stu2,

这样,stu1和stu2指向内存堆中同一个对象。如图:

那么,怎样才能达到复制一个对象呢?

是否记得万类之王Object。它有11个方法,有两个protected的方法,其中一个为clone方法。

该方法的签名是:

protected native Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException;

因为每个类直接或间接的父类都是Object,因此它们都含有clone()方法,但是因为该方法是protected,所以都不能在类外进行访问。

要想对一个对象进行复制,就需要对clone方法覆盖。

3 对象的浅拷贝(浅复制)

1. 被复制的类需要实现Clonenable接口(不实现的话在调用clone方法会抛出CloneNotSupportedException异常) 该接口为标记接口(不含任何方法)

2. 覆盖clone()方法,访问修饰符设为public。方法中调用super.clone()方法得到需要的复制对象,(native为本地方法)

3.1 修改Student类

1.实现Cloneable接口

2.重写clone方法

3.访问修饰符改为public

package com.jepson.java;

/**

* @author jepson

* @create 2018-09-21 23:20

*/

public class Student implements Cloneable{

@Override

public Object clone() {

Student stu = null;

try{

stu = (Student)super.clone();

}catch(CloneNotSupportedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

return stu;

}

private String name;

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

}

3.2 修改测试类

1.调用clone方法。

package com.jepson.java;

/**

* @author jepson

* @create 2018-09-21 23:21

*/

public class TestObjectCopy {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Student stu1 = new Student();

stu1.setName("jepson");

Student stu2 = (Student)stu1.clone();

stu2.setName("浅拷贝-tom");

System.out.println("student1:"+stu1.getName());

System.out.println("student2:"+stu2.getName());

}

}

打印结果

如果你还不相信这两个对象不是同一个对象,那么可以测试一下

package com.jepson.java;

/**

* @author jepson

* @create 2018-09-21 23:21

*/

public class TestObjectCopy {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Student stu1 = new Student();

stu1.setName("jepson");

Student stu2 = (Student)stu1.clone();

stu2.setName("浅拷贝-tom");

System.out.println("student1:"+stu1.getName());

System.out.println("student2:"+stu2.getName());

System.out.println(stu1==stu2);

}

}

打印结果

4 对象的深拷贝(深复制)

我们在学生类里再加一个Address类。

Address类如下:

package com.jepson.java;

/**

* @author jepson

* @create 2018-09-21 23:57

*/

public class Address {

private String address;

public String getAddress() {

return address;

}

public void setAddress(String address) {

this.address = address;

}

@Override

public String toString() {

return "Address{" +

"address='" + address + '\'' +

'}';

}

}

Student类如下:

package com.jepson.java;

/**

* @author jepson

* @create 2018-09-21 23:20

*/

public class Student implements Cloneable{

private String name;

private Address address;

public Address getAddress() {

return address;

}

public void setAddress(Address address) {

this.address = address;

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

@Override

public Object clone() {

Student stu = null;

try{

stu = (Student)super.clone();

}catch(CloneNotSupportedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

return stu;

}

}

测试类

package com.jepson.java;

/**

* @author jepson

* @create 2018-09-21 23:21

*/

public class TestObjectCopy {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Address address = new Address();

address.setAddress("成都市");

Student stu1 = new Student();

stu1.setName("jepson");

stu1.setAddress(address);

Student stu2 = (Student)stu1.clone();

stu2.setName("深拷贝-tom");

System.out.println("student1:"+stu1.getName()+"::::"+stu1.getAddress());

System.out.println("student2:"+stu2.getName()+"::::"+stu2.getAddress());

System.out.println(stu1==stu2);

}

}

打印结果

乍一看没什么问题,真的是这样吗?

我们在main方法中试着改变addr实例的地址。

package com.jepson.java;

/**

* @author jepson

* @create 2018-09-21 23:21

*/

public class TestObjectCopy {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Address address = new Address();

address.setAddress("成都市");

Student stu1 = new Student();

stu1.setName("jepson");

stu1.setAddress(address);

Student stu2 = (Student)stu1.clone();

stu2.setName("深拷贝-tom");

System.out.println("student1:"+stu1.getName()+"::::"+stu1.getAddress());

System.out.println("student2:"+stu2.getName()+"::::"+stu2.getAddress());

address.setAddress("重庆区");

stu2.setName("深拷贝-tom");

System.out.println("student1:"+stu1.getName()+"::::"+stu1.getAddress());

System.out.println("student2:"+stu2.getName()+"::::"+stu2.getAddress());

System.out.println(stu1==stu2);

}

}

打印结果

这就奇怪了,怎么两个学生的地址都改变了?

原因是浅复制只是复制了addr变量的引用,并没有真正的开辟另一块空间,将值复制后再将引用返回给新对象。

所以,为了达到真正的复制对象,而不是纯粹引用复制。我们需要将Address类可复制化,并且修改clone方法,完整代码如下:

1.修改Address类

1.实现Cloneable接口

2.重写clone方法

package com.jepson.java;

/**

* @author jepson

* @create 2018-09-21 23:57

*/

public class Address implements Cloneable{

private String address;

public String getAddress() {

return address;

}

public void setAddress(String address) {

this.address = address;

}

@Override

public String toString() {

return "Address{" +

"address='" + address + '\'' +

'}';

}

@Override

protected Object clone() {

Address addr = null;

try{

addr = (Address)super.clone();

}catch(CloneNotSupportedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

return addr;

}

}

2. 修改Student类

clone方法中加入深度复制

package com.jepson.java;

/**

* @author jepson

* @create 2018-09-21 23:20

*/

public class Student implements Cloneable{

private String name;

private Address address;

public Address getAddress() {

return address;

}

public void setAddress(Address address) {

this.address = address;

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

@Override

public Object clone() {

Student stu = null;

try{

stu = (Student)super.clone(); // 浅复制

}catch(CloneNotSupportedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

stu.address = (Address)address.clone(); //深度复制

return stu;

}

}

3. 测试类

package com.jepson.java;

/**

* @author jepson

* @create 2018-09-21 23:21

*/

public class TestObjectCopy {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Address address = new Address();

address.setAddress("成都市");

Student stu1 = new Student();

stu1.setName("jepson");

stu1.setAddress(address);

Student stu2 = (Student)stu1.clone();

stu2.setName("深拷贝-tom");

System.out.println("student1:"+stu1.getName()+"::::"+stu1.getAddress());

System.out.println("student2:"+stu2.getName()+"::::"+stu2.getAddress());

address.setAddress("重庆区");

stu2.setName("深拷贝-tom");

System.out.println("student1:"+stu1.getName()+"::::"+stu1.getAddress());

System.out.println("student2:"+stu2.getName()+"::::"+stu2.getAddress());

System.out.println(stu1==stu2);

}

}

这样结果就符合我们的想法了。

总结:浅拷贝是指在拷贝对象时,对于基本数据类型的变量会重新复制一份,而对于引用类型的变量只是对引用进行拷贝,

没有对引用指向的对象进行拷贝。

而深拷贝是指在拷贝对象时,同时会对引用指向的对象进行拷贝。

区别就在于是否对  对象中的引用变量所指向的对象进行拷贝。

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