Java从控制台读入数据的几种方法
这里记录Java中从控制台读入信息的几种方式,已备后查!
(1)JDK 1.4(JDK 1.5和JDK 1.6也都兼容这种方法)
public class TestConsole1 {public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = readDataFromConsole("Please input string:);
System.out.println("The information from console: + str);
}
/**
* Use InputStreamReader and System.in to read data from console
*
* @param prompt
*
* @return input string
*/
private static String readDataFromConsole(String prompt) {
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
String str = null;
try {
System.out.print(prompt);
str = br.readLine();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return str;
}
}
(2)JDK 1.5(利用Scanner进行读取)
public class TestConsole2 {public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = readDataFromConsole("Please input string:");
System.out.println("The information from console:" + str);
}
/**
* Use java.util.Scanner to read data from console
*
* @param prompt
*
* @return input string
*/
private static String readDataFromConsole(String prompt) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print(prompt);
return scanner.nextLine();
}
}
Scanner还可以很方便的扫描文件,读取里面的信息并转换成你要的类型,比如对“2 2.2 3.3 3.33 4.5 done”这样的数据求和,见如下代码:
public class TestConsole4 {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("num.txt");
fw.write("2 2.2 3.3 3.33 4.5 done");
fw.close();
System.out.println("Sum is "+scanFileForSum("num.txt"));
}
public static double scanFileForSum(String fileName) throws IOException {
double sum = 0.0;
FileReader fr = null;
try {
fr = new FileReader(fileName);
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(fr);
while (scanner.hasNext()) {
if (scanner.hasNextDouble()) {
sum = sum + scanner.nextDouble();
} else {
String str = scanner.next();
if (str.equals("done")) {
break;
} else {
throw new RuntimeException("File Format is wrong!");
}
}
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("File " + fileName + " not found!");
} finally {
if (fr != null)
fr.close();
}
return sum;
}
}
(3)JDK 1.6(利用java.io.Console进行读取)
JDK6中提供了java.io.Console类专用来访问基于字符的控制台设备.
你的程序如果要与Windows下的cmd或者Linux下的Terminal交互,就可以用Console类代劳.(类似System.in和System.out)
但我们不总是能得到可用的Console, 一个JVM是否有可用的Console依赖于底层平台和JVM如何被调用.
如果JVM是在交互式命令行(比如Windows的cmd)中启动的,并且输入输出没有重定向到另外的地方,那么就可以得到一个可用的Console实例。
在使用 IDE 的情况下,是无法获取到Console实例的,原因在于在 IDE 的环境下,重新定向了标准输入和输出流,也是就是将系统控制台上的输入输出重定向到了 IDE 的控制台中
public class TestConsole3 {public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = readDataFromConsole("Please input string:");
System.out.println("The information from console:" + str);
}
/**
* Use java.io.console to read data from console
*
* @param prompt
*
* @return input string
*/
private static String readDataFromConsole(String prompt) {
Console console = System.console();
if (console == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Console is not available!");
}
return console.readLine(prompt);
}
}
Console类还有个特色就是,专门对密码(输入无回显)等安全字符,进行了处理。专门提供 readPassword()方法,具体应用见如下代码:
public class TestConsole5 {public static void main(String[] args) {
Console console = System.console();
if (console == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Console is not available!");
}
while(true){
String username = console.readLine("Username: ");
char[] password = console.readPassword("Password: ");
if (username.equals("Chris") && String.valueOf(password).equals("GoHead")) {
console.printf("Welcome to Java Application %1$s.\n", username);
// 使用后应立即将数组清空,以减少其在内存中占用的时间,增强安全性
password = null;
System.exit(-1);
}
else {
console.printf("Invalid username or password.\n");
}
}
}
}
参考资料:
(1)Java从控制台中读取数据完全攻略
(2)用java.io.Console来与字符控制台交互
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