python使用SMTP发邮件时使用Cc（抄送）和Bcc（密送）

Z时代
2024-01-10
分类：综合

python

SMTP发送邮件的时候，并没有特殊的通信语句告诉邮件服务器谁是主送，谁是抄送/密送，这三个角色都是以同样的方式告诉邮件服务器的，然后重点在邮件内容里。

邮件内容分为头和体两部分（就像http），头部包含了各种meta信息，其中说明了谁要用to，谁要cc，谁要bcc.

一个典型的带to和bcc的邮件发送过程debug日志如下：

send: \'ehlo E42.lan\r\n\'
reply: b\'250-smtp.qq.com\r\n\'
reply: b\'250-PIPELINING\r\n\'
reply: b\'250-SIZE 73400320\r\n\'
reply: b\'250-AUTH LOGIN PLAIN\r\n\'
reply: b\'250-AUTH=LOGIN\r\n\'
reply: b\'250-MAILCOMPRESS\r\n\'
reply: b\'250 8BITMIME\r\n\'
reply: retcode (250); Msg: b\'smtp.qq.com\nPIPELINING\nSIZE 73400320\nAUTH LOGIN PLAIN\nAUTH=LOGIN\nMAILCOMPRESS\n8BITMIME\'
send: \'AUTH PLAIN xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx\r\n\'
reply: b\'235 Authentication successful\r\n\'
reply: retcode (235); Msg: b\'Authentication successful\'
send: \'mail FROM:<support@xxxxx.com> size=1412\r\n\'
reply: b\'250 Ok\r\n\'
reply: retcode (250); Msg: b\'Ok\'
send: \'rcpt TO:<xxxxx@126.com>\r\n\'
reply: b\'250 Ok\r\n\'
reply: retcode (250); Msg: b\'Ok\'
send: \'rcpt TO:<xxxxx@smail.nju.edu.cn>\r\n\'
reply: b\'250 Ok\r\n\'
reply: retcode (250); Msg: b\'Ok\'
send: \'data\r\n\'
reply: b\'354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>\r\n\'
reply: retcode (354); Msg: b\'End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>\'
data: (354, b\'End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>\')
send: b\'Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="===============6519358828643049548=="\r\nMIME-Version: 1.0\r\nAccept-Language: zh-CN\r\nAccept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8\r\nFrom: support <support@xxxxx.com>\r\nTo: xxxxx@126.com\r\nSubject: =?utf-8?b?5Yiw5pyf5o+Q6YaS?=\r\nBcc: xxxxx@smail.nju.edu.cn\r\n\r\n--===============6519358828643049548==\r\nContent-Type: text/html; charset="utf-8"\r\nMIME-Version: 1.0\r\nContent-Transfer-Encoding: base64\r\n\r\nPCFET0N 这里省略一长串正文 tbD4K\r\n\r\n--===============6519358828643049548==--\r\n.\r\n\'
reply: b\'250 Ok: queued as \r\n\'
reply: retcode (250); Msg: b\'Ok: queued as\'
data: (250, b\'Ok: queued as\')
send: \'quit\r\n\'
reply: b\'221 Bye\r\n\'
reply: retcode (221); Msg: b\'Bye\'

下面是python代码：

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# coding: utf-8
#
# Created by dylanchu on 2019/7/5
import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.utils import formataddr
class MyMailer(object):
    def __init__(self, config: dict):
        """ config[\'bcc\'] should be a list """
        self.Host = config[\'host\']
        self.Port = config[\'port\']
        self.Email = config[\'email\']
        self.Password = config[\'password\']
        self.From = config[\'from\']
        self.using_ssl = config[\'using_ssl\']
        self.Bcc = config[\'bcc\']
        if not isinstance(self.Bcc, list):
            raise Exception(\'passed in "bcc" should be a list\')
    def send_mail(self, recipient, subject, content):
        if recipient == \'\' or subject == \'\' or content == \'\':
            raise Exception(\'recipient/subject/content should not be empty!!\')
        # Create message container - the correct MIME type is multipart/alternative.
        msg = MIMEMultipart(\'alternative\')
        msg["Accept-Language"] = "zh-CN"
        msg["Accept-Charset"] = "ISO-8859-1,utf-8"
        msg[\'From\'] = formataddr([self.From, self.Email])
        msg[\'To\'] = recipient
        msg[\'Subject\'] = subject
        # msg format should be \'plain\' or \'html\'
        body = MIMEText(content, \'html\', \'utf-8\')
        msg.attach(body)
        if self.Bcc and \'@\' in self.Bcc[0]:
            msg[\'Bcc\'] = \',\'.join(self.Bcc)
            recipient = [recipient] + self.Bcc
        try:
            if self.using_ssl:
                smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.Host, self.Port, timeout=30)
            else:
                smtp = smtplib.SMTP(self.Host, self.Port, timeout=30)
            smtp.set_debuglevel(1)
            smtp.login(self.Email, self.Password)
            smtp.sendmail(self.Email, recipient, msg.as_string())
            smtp.quit()
            print("email sent successfully")
        except Exception as e:
            print("email sent failed with error: %s" % e)