python编程基础知识—列表(一)

python

  • 用[]来表示列表,并用逗号分隔其中的元素。如:

python">B=['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']

print(B)

['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']

1.1 访问列表元素(可指出列表的名称,再取出元素的索引,并将其放在括号内)

  • 如:从B中取出第一个元素:

B=['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']

print(B[0])

trek

  • 在python中,第一个列表元素的索引为0,第二个元素索引为1,以此类推,最后一个列表元素索引为-1
  • 如:找出列表B中第2个和最后一个元素:

B=['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']

print(B[1])

print(B[-1])

cannondale

specialized

1.2 使用列表中的各个值

B=['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']

messge = "My name is "+B[0]+'.'

print(messge)

My name is trek.

1.3 修改、添加和删除元素

1.31 修改列表元素

  • 如列表B,如何修改第一个元素‘trek’?

B=['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']

print(B)

B[0]='dau'

print(B)

['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']

['dau', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']

1.32 在列表中添加元素

1.在列表末尾处添加元素

  • 继续使用列表B,在其末尾处添加新元素‘cat’

B=['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']

print(B)

B.append('cat')

print(B)

['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']

['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized', 'cat']

  • 方法append()将元素‘cat’加到了列表末尾处,而不影响列表中的其他元素
  • 下来呢,我们创建一个空列表,再在其中添加元素‘honda’,‘woo’,‘hod’

A=[]

A.append('honda')

A.append('woo')

A.append('hod')

print(A) #输出最终的结果

['honda', 'woo', 'hod']

2.在列表中插入元素

  • 用方法insert()可在列表中任何位置添加新元素,为此,需指定新元素的索引和值

B=['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']

B.insert(1,'pig')##在索引1出添加空间,并将值‘pig’存储到这个地方

print(B)

['trek', 'pig', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']

1.33 从列表中删除元素

1.使用del语句删除元素

  • 如果知道要删除的元素在列表中的位置,可使用del()语句

B=['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']

print(B)

del B[0]##删除了B中第一个元素‘trek’

print(B)

['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']

['cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']

2. 使用pop方法删除元素

  • pop()删除列表末尾处的元素

B=['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']

print(B)

popped_B=B.pop()

print(B)

print(popped_B)

['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']

['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline']

specialized

B=['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']

led_B = B.pop()

print("The last was " + led_B + '.')

The last was specialized.

3. 弹出列表中任何位置处的元素

B=['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']

first_B = B.pop(1)

print("I owned was a " + first_B + '.')

I owned was a cannondale.

  • 如果你要从列表中删除一个元素,且不再以任何方式使用它,就用del语句;如果你要在删除元素后还能继续使用它,就使用方法pop()方法.

4. 根据值删除元素

  • 如果只删除元素的值,可使用方法remove()

B=['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']

print(B)

B.remove('redline')

print(B)

['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']

['trek', 'cannondale', 'specialized']

B=['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']

print(B)

tee = 'redline'

B.remove(tee)

print(B)

print("\nThe " + tee + " is too big to me. ")

['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']

['trek', 'cannondale', 'specialized']

The redline is too big to me.

2 组织列表

2.1 使用方法sort()对列表进行永久性排序

  • 按字母顺序进行排序

B=['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']

B.sort()

print(B)

['cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized', 'trek']

  • 按相反方向进行排序,只需向sort()方法传递参数reverse=True

B=['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']

B.sort(reverse = True)

print(B)

['trek', 'specialized', 'redline', 'cannondale']

2.2 使用函数sorted()对列表进行临时排序

  • sorted()可按特定顺序显示列表元素,同时不影响它们在列表中的原始排列顺序

cars = ['bmw','audi','toyota','Jeep']

print("here is the original list: ")

print(cars)

print("\nHere is the sorted list:")

print(sorted(cars))

print("\nHere is the original list again:")

print(cars)

here is the original list: 

['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'Jeep']

Here is the sorted list:

['Jeep', 'audi', 'bmw', 'toyota']

Here is the original list again:

['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'Jeep']

2.3 倒着打印列表

  • 使用reverse()方法

cars = ['bmw','audi','toyota','Jeep']

print(cars)

cars.reverse()

print(cars)

['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'Jeep']

['Jeep', 'toyota', 'audi', 'bmw']

2.4 确定列表的长度

  • 使用len()获取cars = ['bmw','audi','toyota','Jeep']

cars = ['bmw','audi','toyota','Jeep']

len(cars)

未完待续!

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