用C扩展Python2

python

python扩展实现方法--python与c混和编程

编写Python扩展(Extending Python with C or C++)

https://docs.python.org/2.7/extending/embedding.html

环境

主机: ubuntu14.04 64bit

开发板: qemu + aarch64 (参考: http://www.cnblogs.com/pengdonglin137/p/6442583.html)

 

工具链: aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc  (gcc version 4.9.1 20140529)

Python版本: Python-2.7.13

 

概述

上面参考列表中的文章已经说的很全了,这里仅作一些补充。分为三个:

1、交叉编译扩展模块到aarch64上面

2、编译扩展模块到Qemu模拟的x86_64上面

3、编译扩展模块到PC(x86_64)上面

采用的测试模块是Extend_wrap.c,这个在python扩展实现方法--python与c混和编程中有说明,源码如下:

 1 #include <stdio.h>

2 #include <stdlib.h>

3 #include <string.h>

4 #include <Python.h>

5

6 #define BUFSIZE 10

7

8 int fac(int n) {

9 if (n < 2)

10 return 1;

11 return n * fac(n - 1);

12 }

13

14 static PyObject * Extest_fac(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {

15 int res;//计算结果值

16 int num;//参数

17 PyObject* retval;//返回值

18

19 //i表示需要传递进来的参数类型为整型,如果是,就赋值给num,如果不是,返回NULL;

20 res = PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i", &num);

21 if (!res) {

22 //包装函数返回NULL,就会在Python调用中产生一个TypeError的异常

23 return NULL;

24 }

25 res = fac(num);

26 //需要把c中计算的结果转成python对象,i代表整数对象类型。

27 retval = (PyObject *)Py_BuildValue("i", res);

28 return retval;

29 }

30

31 char *reverse(char *s) {

32 register char t;

33 char *p = s;

34 char *q = (s + (strlen(s) - 1));

35 while (p < q) {

36 t = *p;

37 *p++ = *q;

38 *q-- = t;

39 }

40 return s;

41 }

42

43 static PyObject *

44 Extest_reverse(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {

45 char *orignal;

46 if (!(PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &orignal))) {

47 return NULL;

48 }

49 return (PyObject *)Py_BuildValue("s", reverse(orignal));

50 }

51

52 static PyObject *

53 Extest_doppel(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {

54 char *orignal;

55 char *reversed;

56 PyObject * retval;

57 if (!(PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &orignal))) {

58 return NULL;

59 }

60 retval = (PyObject *)Py_BuildValue("ss", orignal, reversed=reverse(strdup(orignal)));

61 free(reversed);

62 return retval;

63 }

64

65 static PyMethodDef

66 ExtestMethods[] = {

67 {"fac", Extest_fac, METH_VARARGS},

68 {"doppel", Extest_doppel, METH_VARARGS},

69 {"reverse", Extest_reverse, METH_VARARGS},

70 {NULL, NULL},

71 };

72

73 void initExtest() {

74 Py_InitModule("Extest", ExtestMethods);

75 }

76

77 int main() {

78 char s[BUFSIZE];

79 printf("4! == %d\n", fac(4));

80 printf("8! == %d\n", fac(8));

81 printf("12! == %d\n", fac(12));

82 strcpy(s, "abcdef");

83 printf("reversing 'abcdef', we get '%s'\n", reverse(s));

84 strcpy(s, "madam");

85 printf("reversing 'madam', we get '%s'\n", reverse(s));

86 return 0;

87 }

关于这段代码的解释,请参考python扩展实现方法--python与c混和编程

正文

1、交叉编译扩展模块到aarch64上面

这里介绍两种方法:

第一种: 将这个文件拷贝到Python2.7.3的Modules目录下面编译

拷贝:

    cp Extest_wrap.c ../../Python-2.7.13/Modules/

修改Python-2.7.13/setup.py,添加模块:

 1 diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py

2 index 81355c7..5083c3d 100644

3 --- a/setup.py

4 +++ b/setup.py

5 @@ -1743,6 +1743,7 @@ class PyBuildExt(build_ext):

6 '-framework', 'Carbon']) )

7

8

9 + exts.append(Extension('Extest', ['Extest_wrap.c']))

10 self.extensions.extend(exts)

11

12 # Call the method for detecting whether _tkinter can be compiled

然后执行aarch64/mk2_make.sh,可以看到build/lib.linux2-aarch64-2.7/下面已经有Extest.so了:

1 $ls build/lib.linux2-aarch64-2.7/Extest.so -l

2 -rwxrwxr-x 1 pengdonglin pengdonglin 22121 Mar 22 14:47 build/lib.linux2-aarch64-2.7/Extest.so*

然后执行aarch64/mk3_install.sh,就会将Extest.so安装到lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/下面。

最后重新制作ramdisk文件,重启板子,测试Extest.so能否使用:

 1 [root@aarch64 root]# python

2 Python 2.7.13 (default, Mar 22 2017, 10:39:43)

3 [GCC 4.9.1 20140529 (prerelease)] on linux2

4 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

5 >>> import Extest

6 >>> Extest.fac(4)

7 24

8 >>> Extest.reverse("abc")

9 'cba'

10 >>> Extest.doppel("abc")

11 ('abc', 'cba')

12 >>>

第二种: 手动编译

我们需要指定编译用的库以及头文件的搜索路径即可,下面是编译命令:

 1 #!/bin/bash

2 export PATH=/home/pengdonglin/src/qemu/aarch64/gcc-linaro-aarch64-linux-gnu-4.9-2014.07_linux/bin:$PATH

3

4 CFLAGS="-I/home/pengdonglin/src/qemu/python_cross_compile/Python2/aarch64/include/python2.7 -fno-strict-aliasing -g -O2 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes"

5

6 LDFLAGS="-L/home/pengdonglin/src/qemu/python_cross_compile/Python2/aarch64/lib -lpython2.7 -lpthread -ldl -lutil -lm -Xlinker -export-dynamic"

7

8 aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc -c ../Extest_wrap.c ${CFLAGS} -o Extest.o

9

10 aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc --shared Extest.o ${LDFLAGS} -o Extest.so

其中CFLAGS和LDFLAGS的值可以用下面的命令获得

1 $/usr/local/bin/python2-config --cflags

2 -I/usr/local/include/python2.7 -I/usr/local/include/python2.7 -fno-strict-aliasing -g -O2 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes

3

4 $/usr/local/bin/python2-config --ldflags

5 -L/usr/local/lib/python2.7/config -lpython2.7 -lpthread -ldl -lutil -lm -Xlinker -export-dynamic

然后编译,就会在当前目录下面生成一个Extest.so,然后拷贝到板子的/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/下面,这个目录下存放的是一些第三方的扩展模块,而/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/存放的一般是内建模块。

或者可以写成Makefile:

CFLAGS = -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -g -O2 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes

CFLAGS += -fPIC -I/home/pengdonglin/qemu/thiry_part/Python2/aarch32/include/python2.7

CC = arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc

all:Extest.so

Extest.o: Extest_wrap.c

$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $^ -o $@

Extest.so: Extest.o

$(CC) -pthread -shared $^ -o $@

cp $@ /home/pengdonglin/qemu/thiry_part/Python2/aarch32/lib/python2.7/site-packages/

clean:

$(RM) *.o *.so

.PHONY: clean all

将Extest_wrap.c跟Makefile放到统一目录下执行make命令即可

2、编译扩展模块到Qemu模拟的x86_64上面

这里也有三种方法:

第一种:将Extend_wrap.c拷贝到Python源码的Modules目录下,这个前面说过,不再重复

第二种:手动编译,编译命令如下

1 #!/bin/bash

2 CFLAGS="-I/home/pengdonglin/src/qemu/python_cross_compile/Python2/x86_64/include/python2.7 -fPIC"

3

4 LDFLAGS="-L/home/pengdonglin/src/qemu/python_cross_compile/Python2/x86_64/lib -fPIC"

5

6 gcc -c ../Extest_wrap.c ${CFLAGS} -o Extest.o

7

8 gcc --shared Extest.o ${LDFLAGS} -o Extest.so

编译完成后,将Extest.so拷贝到板子上面的相应目录下即可(如/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages)

第三种:手动编写setup.py

setup.py:

1 #!/usr/bin/env python

2

3 from distutils.core import setup, Extension

4

5 MOD = 'Extest_x86_64'

6 setup(name=MOD, ext_modules=[Extension(MOD, sources=['Extest_wrap.c'])])

这里模块名是Extest_x86_64,同时需要注意的是需要将setup.py跟Extest_wrap.c放到同一个目录下面。

编译:

/home/pengdonglin/src/qemu/python_cross_compile/Python2/x86_64/bin/python ./setup.py build

从log看执行的其实就是下面两条命令:

gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -g -O2 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/home/pengdonglin/src/qemu/python_cross_compile/Python2/x86_64/include/python2.7 -c Extest_wrap.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/Extest_wrap.o

creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7

gcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/Extest_wrap.o -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/Extest_x86_64.so

安装:

/home/pengdonglin/src/qemu/python_cross_compile/Python2/x86_64/bin/python ./setup.py  install

从log看,Extest_x86_64.so会被安装到/home/pengdonglin/src/qemu/python_cross_compile/Python2/x86_64/lib/python2.7/site-packages下面

1 running install

2 running build

3 running build_ext

4 running install_lib

5 copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/Extest_x86_64.so -> /home/pengdonglin/src/qemu/python_cross_compile/Python2/x86_64/lib/python2.7/site-packages

6 running install_egg_info

7 Writing /home/pengdonglin/src/qemu/python_cross_compile/Python2/x86_64/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Extest_x86_64-0.0.0-py2.7.egg-info

然后从新制作ramdisk就可以了

3、编译扩展模块到PC(x86_64)上面

在操作之前PC上面应该用Python源码编译安装一次,方法很简单:

#!/bin/bash

../Python-2.7.13/configure

make -j8

sudo make install

默认会被安装到/usr/local下面

方法一: 将Extend_wrap.c拷贝到Python源码的Modules目录下,这个前面说过,不再重复

方法二: 手动编译,编译命令如下

1 #!/bin/bash

2 CFLAGS="-I/usr/local/include/python2.7 -fPIC"

3 LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/lib -fPIC"

4 gcc -c ../Extest_wrap.c ${CFLAGS} -o Extest.o

5 gcc --shared Extest.o ${LDFLAGS} -o Extest.so

将生成的Extest.so拷贝到/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/即可

测试:

1 $sudo cp Extest.so /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/

2 $/usr/local/bin/python

3 Python 2.7.13 (default, Mar 22 2017, 13:18:43)

4 [GCC 4.8.4] on linux2

5 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

6 >>> import Extest

7 >>> Extest.reverse("peng")

8 'gnep'

方法三: 编写setup.py

setup.py:

1 $cat setup.py 

2 #!/usr/bin/env python

3 from distutils.core import setup, Extension

4 MOD = 'Extest'

5 setup(name=MOD, ext_modules=[Extension(MOD, sources=['Extest_wrap.c'])])

编译:

/usr/local/bin/python ./setup.py build

从log看,执行的是下面的命令:

1 running build

2 running build_ext

3 building 'Extest' extension

4 creating build

5 creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7

6 gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -g -O2 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/local/include/python2.7 -c Extest_wrap.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/Extest_wrap.o

7 gcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/Extest_wrap.o -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/Extest.so

安装:

sudo /usr/local/bin/python ./setup.py install

从log看,Extest.so被安装到了/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages下面

1 running install

2 running build

3 running build_ext

4 running install_lib

5 copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/Extest.so -> /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages

6 running install_egg_info

7 Removing /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Extest-0.0.0-py2.7.egg-info

8 Writing /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Extest-0.0.0-py2.7.egg-info

以上是 用C扩展Python2 的全部内容, 来源链接: utcz.com/z/387797.html

回到顶部