python时间模块和random模块

python

模块:用一坨代码实现了某个功能的代码集合。

类似于函数式编程和面向过程编程,函数式编程则完成一个功能,其他代码用来调用即可,提供了代码的重用性和代码间的耦合。而对于一个复杂的功能,可能需要多个函数才能完成(函数又可以在不同的.py文件中),n个.py文件组成的代码集合就成为模块。

如:os是系统相关的模块;file是文件操作相关的模块。

模块分为三种:自定义模块、内置标准模块(又称标准库)、开源模块

time&datetime模块

#!/usr/bin/env python

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

#Author: Tony Cabel

import time,datetime

print(time.clock()) #返回处理器时间,3.3开始已废弃 , 改成了time.process_time()

# 测量处理器运算时间,不包括sleep时间,不稳定,mac上测不出来

print(time.altzone/3600) #打印时区

print(time.asctime()) #返回时间格式"Mon Feb 20 15:01:02 2017",

t=time.localtime() #返回本地时间 的struct time对象格式

print(time.localtime(time.time()+3*3600)) #本地时间后三个小时的时间

print(t)

print(t.tm_year,t.tm_yday)

print(time.time()) #时间戳,从1970年一月一日至今的秒数

print(time.gmtime()) #返回UTC时间

print(time.ctime()) #返回Fri Aug 19 12:38:29 2016 格式,

t2=time.strptime("2017-2-20 11:30","%Y-%m-%d %H:%M") #将 日期字符串 转成 struct时间对象格式

t2_stamp=time.mktime(t2) #将struct时间对象转成时间戳

print(t2)

t3=time.localtime(t2_stamp) #将本地时间戳转换成struct_time格式

t3_str=time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M.log",t3) #将utc struct_time格式转成指定的字符串格式

print(t3_str)

t4=datetime.datetime.now() #返回当前时间,格式:2017-02-20 15:01:02.487076

print(t4)

t4_fr=t4-datetime.timedelta(days=3) #返回三天前的这个时候的时间,也可以小时分钟秒

print(t4_fr)

print(t4.replace(year=2016,month=3,hour=12)) #将当前时间进行任意替换

 时间转换路径:

 

DirectiveMeaningNotes
%aLocale’s abbreviated weekday name. 
%ALocale’s full weekday name. 
%bLocale’s abbreviated month name. 
%BLocale’s full month name. 
%cLocale’s appropriate date and time representation.

 
%dDay of the month as a decimal number [01,31]. 
%HHour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23]. 
%IHour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12]. 
%jDay of the year as a decimal number [001,366]. 
%mMonth as a decimal number [01,12]. 
%MMinute as a decimal number [00,59]. 
%pLocale’s equivalent of either AM or PM.(1)
%SSecond as a decimal number [00,61].(2)
%UWeek number of the year (Sunday as the first day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53]. All days in a new year preceding the first Sunday are considered to be in week 0.(3)
%wWeekday as a decimal number [0(Sunday),6]. 
%WWeek number of the year (Monday as the first day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53]. All days in a new year preceding the first Monday are considered to be in week 0.(3)
%xLocale’s appropriate date representation. 
%XLocale’s appropriate time representation.

 
%yYear without century as a decimal number [00,99]. 
%YYear with century as a decimal number. 
%zTime zone offset indicating a positive or negative time difference from UTC/GMT of the form +HHMM or -HHMM, where H represents decimal hour digits and M represents decimal minute digits [-23:59, +23:59]. 
%ZTime zone name (no characters if no time zone exists). 
%%A literal '%' character.

random模块

import random

print(random.random()) #打印一个随机小数,小数点后十六位

print(random.randint(1,3)) #随机打印一个从1到3的数,包括3

print(random.randrange(1,10)) #在range范围内打印一个随机数

import string

src=string.ascii_letters+string.digits #生成随机密码的一种方式

print(''.join(random.sample(src,6)))

checkcode='' #另一种生成随机验证码方式

for i in range(6):

current=random.randint(0,6)

if current != i:

temp=chr(random.randint(65,90))

else:

temp=random.randint(0,9)

checkcode+=str(temp)

print(checkcode)

 备注:用random.sample不会生成重复的字符,也就是说第一种方式生成的验证码中不会有重复的字符,而第二种方式生成的可能会有重复的字符。

以上是 python时间模块和random模块 的全部内容, 来源链接: utcz.com/z/387504.html

回到顶部