三言两语聊Python模块–文档测试模块doctest
doctest是属于测试模块里的一种，对注释文档里的示例进行检测。
给出一个例子：
def split(line, types=None, delimiter=None):
"""Splits a line of test and optionally performs type conversion.
For example:
>>> split('GOOD 100 490.50')
['GOOD', '100', '490.50']
>>> split('GOOD 100 490.50', [str, int, float])
['GOOD', 100, 490.50]
>>>
By default, splitting is perfomed on whitespace, but a different delimiter
can be selected with the delimiter keyword argument:
>>> split('GOOD, 100, 490.50', delimiter=',')
['GOOOD', '100', '490.50']
>>>
"""
fields = line.split(delimiter)
if types:
fields = [ty(val) for ty, val in zip(types, fields)]
return fields
可以有2种方式来使用doctest:
- 第一种，单独建一个脚本来测试。
# testsplitter.py
import splitter
import doctest
nfail, ntests = doctest.testmod(splitter, verbose=True)
运行结果：
>>>
**********************************************************************
File "C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/Python Scripts\splitter.py", line 8, in splitter.split
Failed example:
split('GOOD 100 490.50', [str, int, float])
Expected:
['GOOD', 100, 490.50]
Got:
['GOOD', 100, 490.5]
**********************************************************************
File "C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/Python Scripts\splitter.py", line 14, in splitter.split
Failed example:
split('GOOD, 100, 490.50', delimiter=',')
Expected:
['GOOOD', '100', '490.50']
Got:
['GOOD', ' 100', ' 490.50']
**********************************************************************
1 items had failures:
2 of 3 in splitter.split
***Test Failed*** 2 failures.
>>>
这样注意一点，这个比对是严格比对，所以490.50和490.5是不同的。
doctest.testmod还可以带一个参数使用，显示更为详细的结果
nfail, ntests = doctest.testmod(splitter, verbose=True)
>>>
Trying:
split('GOOD 100 490.50')
Expecting:
['GOOD', '100', '490.50']
ok
Trying:
split('GOOD 100 490.50', [str, int, float])
Expecting:
['GOOD', 100, 490.50]
**********************************************************************
File "C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/Python Scripts\splitter.py", line 8, in splitter.split
Failed example:
split('GOOD 100 490.50', [str, int, float])
Expected:
['GOOD', 100, 490.50]
Got:
['GOOD', 100, 490.5]
Trying:
split('GOOD, 100, 490.50', delimiter=',')
Expecting:
['GOOOD', '100', '490.50']
**********************************************************************
File "C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/Python Scripts\splitter.py", line 14, in splitter.split
Failed example:
split('GOOD, 100, 490.50', delimiter=',')
Expected:
['GOOOD', '100', '490.50']
Got:
['GOOD', ' 100', ' 490.50']
1 items had no tests:
splitter
**********************************************************************
1 items had failures:
2 of 3 in splitter.split
3 tests in 2 items.
1 passed and 2 failed.
***Test Failed*** 2 failures.
>>>
- 第二种，使用__name__ == ‘__main__’: (大部分好像都使用这种的)
# splitter.py
def split(line, types=None, delimiter=None):
"""Splits a line of test and optionally performs type conversion.
For example:
>>> split('GOOD 100 490.50')
['GOOD', '100', '490.50']
>>> split('GOOD 100 490.50', [str, int, float])
['GOOD', 100, 490.50]
>>>
By default, splitting is perfomed on whitespace, but a different delimiter
can be selected with the delimiter keyword argument:
>>> split('GOOD, 100, 490.50', delimiter=',')
['GOOOD', '100', '490.50']
>>>
"""
fields = line.split(delimiter)
if types:
fields = [ty(val) for ty, val in zip(types, fields)]
return fields
if __name__ == '__main__':
# test myself
import doctest
doctest.testmod()
结果是一样的：
**********************************************************************
File "C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/Python Scripts/splitter.py", line 8, in __main__.split
Failed example:
split('GOOD 100 490.50', [str, int, float])
Expected:
['GOOD', 100, 490.50]
Got:
['GOOD', 100, 490.5]
**********************************************************************
File "C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/Python Scripts/splitter.py", line 14, in __main__.split
Failed example:
split('GOOD, 100, 490.50', delimiter=',')
Expected:
['GOOOD', '100', '490.50']
Got:
['GOOD', ' 100', ' 490.50']
**********************************************************************
1 items had failures:
2 of 3 in __main__.split
***Test Failed*** 2 failures.
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