详解Android MacAddress 适配心得
android 6.0以下mac地址获取
我们获取mac地址一般都是这样写的：
/**
* 根据wifi信息获取本地mac
* @param context
* @return
*/
public static String getLocalMacAddressFromWifiInfo(Context context){
WifiManager wifi = (WifiManager) context.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
WifiInfo winfo = wifi.getConnectionInfo();
String mac = winfo.getMacAddress();
return mac;
}
android 6.0及以上、7.0以下
Android 6.0以后 将不再能通过 wifimanager 获取mac，获取到的mac将是固定的：02:00:00:00:00:00 。
然而我开发的sdk就是通过wifimanager获取的mac。
android sdk后来做了6.0适配，通过cat /sys/class/net/wlan0/address，可以在6.0上获取mac地址。
/**
* 获取mac地址
* @param context
* @return
*/
public static String getMacAddress(Context context){
//如果是6.0以下，直接通过wifimanager获取
if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT<Build.VERSION_CODES.M){
String macAddress0 = getMacAddress0(context);
if(!TextUtils.isEmpty(macAddress0)){
return macAddress0;
}
}
String str="";
String macSerial="";
try {
Process pp = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(
"cat /sys/class/net/wlan0/address");
InputStreamReader ir = new InputStreamReader(pp.getInputStream());
LineNumberReader input = new LineNumberReader(ir);
for (; null != str;) {
str = input.readLine();
if (str != null) {
macSerial = str.trim();// 去空格
break;
}
}
} catch (Exception ex) {
Log.e("----->" + "NetInfoManager", "getMacAddress:" + ex.toString());
}
if (macSerial == null || "".equals(macSerial)) {
try {
return loadFileAsString("/sys/class/net/eth0/address")
.toUpperCase().substring(0, 17);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
Log.e("----->" + "NetInfoManager", "getMacAddress:" + e.toString());
}
}
return macSerial;
}
private static String getMacAddress0(Context context) {
if (isAccessWifiStateAuthorized(context)) {
WifiManager wifiMgr = (WifiManager) context
.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
WifiInfo wifiInfo = null;
try {
wifiInfo = wifiMgr.getConnectionInfo();
return wifiInfo.getMacAddress();
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.e("----->" + "NetInfoManager", "getMacAddress0:" + e.toString());
}
}
return "";
}
/**
* Check whether accessing wifi state is permitted
*
* @param context
* @return
*/
private static boolean isAccessWifiStateAuthorized(Context context) {
if (PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED == context
.checkCallingOrSelfPermission("android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE")) {
Log.e("----->" + "NetInfoManager", "isAccessWifiStateAuthorized:" + "access wifi state is enabled");
return true;
} else
return false;
}
private static String loadFileAsString(String fileName) throws Exception {
FileReader reader = new FileReader(fileName);
String text = loadReaderAsString(reader);
reader.close();
return text;
}
private static String loadReaderAsString(Reader reader) throws Exception {
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
char[] buffer = new char[4096];
int readLength = reader.read(buffer);
while (readLength >= 0) {
builder.append(buffer, 0, readLength);
readLength = reader.read(buffer);
}
return builder.toString();
}
android 7.0及以上
android 7.0 后，通过上述适配的方法，将获取不到mac地址。
经过调研和测试，7.0上仍有办法回去mac地址：
（1）通过ip地址来获取绑定的mac地址
/**
* 获取移动设备本地IP
* @return
*/
private static InetAddress getLocalInetAddress() {
InetAddress ip = null;
try {
//列举
Enumeration<NetworkInterface> en_netInterface = NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces();
while (en_netInterface.hasMoreElements()) {//是否还有元素
NetworkInterface ni = (NetworkInterface) en_netInterface.nextElement();//得到下一个元素
Enumeration<InetAddress> en_ip = ni.getInetAddresses();//得到一个ip地址的列举
while (en_ip.hasMoreElements()) {
ip = en_ip.nextElement();
if (!ip.isLoopbackAddress() && ip.getHostAddress().indexOf(":") == -1)
break;
else
ip = null;
}
if (ip != null) {
break;
}
}
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return ip;
}
/**
* 获取本地IP
* @return
*/
private static String getLocalIpAddress() {
try {
for (Enumeration<NetworkInterface> en = NetworkInterface
.getNetworkInterfaces(); en.hasMoreElements();) {
NetworkInterface intf = en.nextElement();
for (Enumeration<InetAddress> enumIpAddr = intf
.getInetAddresses(); enumIpAddr.hasMoreElements();) {
InetAddress inetAddress = enumIpAddr.nextElement();
if (!inetAddress.isLoopbackAddress()) {
return inetAddress.getHostAddress().toString();
}
}
}
} catch (SocketException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
/**
* 根据IP地址获取MAC地址
* @return
*/
public static String getMacAddress(){
String strMacAddr = null;
try {
//获得IpD地址
InetAddress ip = getLocalInetAddress();
byte[] b = NetworkInterface.getByInetAddress(ip).getHardwareAddress();
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
if (i != 0) { buffer.append(':');
}
String str = Integer.toHexString(b[i] & 0xFF);
buffer.append(str.length() == 1 ? 0 + str : str);
}
strMacAddr = buffer.toString().toUpperCase();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
return strMacAddr;
}
（2）扫描各个网络接口获取mac地址
/**
* 获取设备HardwareAddress地址
* @return
*/
public static String getMachineHardwareAddress(){
Enumeration<NetworkInterface> interfaces = null;
try {
interfaces = NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces();
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
String hardWareAddress = null;
NetworkInterface iF = null;
while (interfaces.hasMoreElements()) {
iF = interfaces.nextElement();
try {
hardWareAddress = bytesToString(iF.getHardwareAddress());
if(hardWareAddress != null)
break;
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return hardWareAddress ;
}
/***
* byte转为String
* @param bytes
* @return
*/
private static String bytesToString(byte[] bytes){
if (bytes == null || bytes.length == 0) {
return null ;
}
StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
for (byte b : bytes) {
buf.append(String.format("%02X:", b));
}
if (buf.length() > 0) {
buf.deleteCharAt(buf.length() - 1);
}
return buf.toString();
}
（3）通过busybox获取本地存储的mac地址
/**
* 根据busybox获取本地Mac
* @return
*/
public static String getLocalMacAddressFromBusybox(){
String result = "";
String Mac = "";
result = callCmd("busybox ifconfig","HWaddr");
//如果返回的result == null，则说明网络不可取
if(result==null){
return "网络异常";
}
//对该行数据进行解析
//例如：eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:E8:3E:DF:67
if(result.length()>0 && result.contains("HWaddr")==true){
Mac = result.substring(result.indexOf("HWaddr")+6, result.length()-1);
result = Mac;
}
return result;
}
private static String callCmd(String cmd,String filter) {
String result = "";
String line = "";
try {
Process proc = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd);
InputStreamReader is = new InputStreamReader(proc.getInputStream());
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader (is);
while ((line = br.readLine ()) != null && line.contains(filter)== false) {
result += line;
}
result = line;
}
catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
对比效果截图
上述三种方法，对比我开发的sdk现在使用的方法以及通过wifimanager获取mac地址的方法，效果如下（7.0设备有限，只覆盖部分机型）：
结论
通过上述对比，通过ip获取mac地址和扫描网络接口获取mac结合使用，可以达到准确的效果。
通过ip获取的mac地址优先级高，只有在它获取不到的情况下，再使用扫描网络接口获取的mac地址。
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