使用C语言解决字符串匹配问题的方法

最常想到的方法是使用KMP字符串匹配算法:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <string.h>

int get_nextval(char *pattern, int next[])

{

//get the next value of the pattern

int i = 0, j = -1;

next[0] = -1;

int patlen = strlen(pattern);

while ( i < patlen - 1){

if ( j == -1 || pattern[i] == pattern[j]){

++i;

++j;

if (pattern[i] != pattern[j])

next[i] = j;

else

next[i] = next[j];

}

else

j = next[j];

}

return(0);

}

int kmpindex(char *target, char *pattern, int pos)

{

int tari = pos, pati = 0;

int tarlen = strlen(target), patlen = strlen(pattern);

int *next = (int *)malloc(patlen * sizeof(int));

get_nextval(pattern, next);

while ( tari < tarlen && pati < patlen ){

if (pati == -1 ||target[tari] == pattern[pati]){

++tari;

++pati;

}else{

pati = next[pati];

}

}

if(next != NULL) free(next);

next = NULL;

if (pati == patlen)

return tari - pati;

else

return -1;

}

int main()

{

char target[50], pattern[50];

printf("imput the target:\n" );

scanf("%s",target);

printf("imput the pattern:\n" );

scanf("%s",pattern);

int ans = kmpindex(target,pattern,0);

if (ans == -1)

printf("error\n");

else

printf("index:%d\n",ans);

return 0;

}


练习题

    题目描述: 

        读入数据string[ ],然后读入一个短字符串。要求查找string[ ]中和短字符串的所有匹配,输出行号、匹配字符串。匹配时不区分大小写,并且可以有一个用中括号表示的模式匹配。如“aa[123]bb”,就是说aa1bb、aa2bb、aa3bb都算匹配。 

    输入: 

    输入有多组数据。 

    每组数据第一行输入n(1<=n<=1000),从第二行开始输入n个字符串(不含空格),接下来输入一个匹配字符串。 

    输出: 

    输出匹配到的字符串的行号和该字符串(匹配时不区分大小写)。 

    样例输入: 

    4 

    Aab 

    a2B 

    ab 

    ABB 

    a[a2b]b 

    样例输出: 

    1 Aab 

    2 a2B 

    4 ABB 


ac代码

 

#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <string.h>

#define MAX 1001

#define LEN 101

struct str

{

char name[101];

};

int main()

{

struct str strs[MAX];

struct str t[LEN];

int i, n, len, j, k, left, right, count, flag;

char text[LEN], newtext[LEN];

while (scanf("%d", &n) != EOF) {

// 接收数据

getchar();

for (i = 0; i < n; i ++) {

scanf("%s", strs[i].name);

}

// 接收文本串

getchar();

gets(text);

len = strlen(text);

for (i = left = right = 0; i < len; i ++) {

if (text[i] == '[') {

left = i;

} else if (text[i] == ']') {

right = i;

break;

}

}

count = right - left - 1;

if (count <= 0) { // 没有正则匹配

for (i = j = 0; i < len; i ++) {

if (text[i] != '[' && text[i] != ']') {

newtext[j ++] = text[i];

}

}

newtext[j] = '\0';

for (i = 0; i < n; i ++) {

if (strcasecmp(strs[i].name, newtext) == 0) {

printf("%d %s\n", i + 1, strs[i].name);

}

}

}else { // 需要正则匹配

for (j = 1, k = 0; j <= count; j ++, k ++) { // 构建文本数组

memset(t[k].name, '\0', sizeof(t[k].name));

for (i = 0; i < left; i ++) {

t[k].name[i] = text[i];

}

t[k].name[i] = text[left + j];

strcat(t[k].name, text + right + 1);

}

// 正则匹配

for (i = 0; i < n; i ++) {

for (j = flag = 0; j < count; j ++) {

if (strcasecmp(strs[i].name, t[j].name) == 0) {

flag = 1;

break;

}

}

if (flag) {

printf("%d %s\n", i + 1, strs[i].name);

}

}

}

}

return 0;

}

    /**************************************************************

        Problem: 1165

        User: wangzhengyi

        Language: C

        Result: Accepted

        Time:0 ms

        Memory:948 kb

    ****************************************************************/

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