python Shapely使用指南详解
Shapely是一个Python库,用于操作和分析笛卡尔坐标系中的几何对象。
引入包
from shapely.geometry import Point
from shapely.geometry import LineString
共有的变量和方法
object.area
Returns the area (float) of the object.
object.bounds
返回对象的(minx,miny,maxx,maxy)元组(float类型)
object.length
返回对象的长度
object.geom_type
返回对象类型
object.distance(other)
返回本对象和另一个对象的距离
object.representative_point()
Returns a cheaply computed point that is guaranteed to be within the geometric object.
>>> from shapely.geometry import Point
>>> print Point(0,0).distance(Point(0,1))
1.0
>>> from shapely.geometry import LineString
>>> line = LineString([(0,0), (1,1), (1,2)])
>>> line.area
0.0
>>> line.bounds
(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 2.0)
>>> line.length
2.414213562373095
>>> line.geom_type
'LineString'
Point
class Point(coordinates)
三种赋值方式
>>> point = Point(0,0)
>>> point_2 = Point((0,0))
>>> point_3 = Point(point)
一个点对象有area和长度都为0
>>> point.area
0.0
>>> point.length
0.0
坐标可以通过coords或x、y、z得到
>>> p = Point(2,3)
>>> p.coords
<shapely.coords.CoordinateSequence object at 0x7ffbc3d60dd0>
>>> list(p.coords)
[(2.0, 3.0)]
>>> p.x
2.0
>>> p.y
3.0
coords可以被切片
>>> p.coords[:]
[(2.0, 3.0)]
LineStrings
LineStrings构造函数传入参数是2个或多个点序列
一个LineStrings对象area为0,长度非0
>>> line = LineString([(0,0), (0,1), (1,2)])
>>> line.area
0.0
>>> line.length
2.414213562373095
获得坐标
>>> line.coords[:]
[(0.0, 0.0), (0.0, 1.0), (1.0, 2.0)]
>>> list(line.coords)
[(0.0, 0.0), (0.0, 1.0), (1.0, 2.0)]
LineString依然可以接受一个同类型对象
>>> line2 = LineString(line)
>>> line2.coords[:]
[(0.0, 0.0), (0.0, 1.0), (1.0, 2.0)]
常见格式转换
>>> Point(1,1).wkt
'POINT (1 1)'
>>> Point(1,1).wkb
'\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xf0?\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xf0?'
>>> Point(1,1).wkb.encode('hex')
'0101000000000000000000f03f000000000000f03f'
>>>
>>> Point(1,1).wkb.encode('hex')
'0101000000000000000000f03f000000000000f03f'
两者都有loads和dumps方法
对于wkt
>>> from shapely.wkt import dumps, loads
>>> s = dumps(Point(1,2))
>>> s
'POINT (1.0000000000000000 2.0000000000000000)'
>>> ss = loads(s)
>>> ss
<shapely.geometry.point.Point object at 0x7ffbc3d783d0>
>>> ss.coords[:]
[(1.0, 2.0)]
对于wkb
>>> from shapely.wkb import dumps, loads
>>> s = dumps(Point(1,2), hex=True)
>>> s
'0101000000000000000000F03F0000000000000040'
>>> ss = loads(s, hex=True)
>>> ss
<shapely.geometry.point.Point object at 0x7ffbc3d78790>
>>> ss.coords
<shapely.coords.CoordinateSequence object at 0x7ffbc3d783d0>
>>> ss.coords[:]
[(1.0, 2.0)]
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