SpringMVC Mock测试实现原理及实现过程详解

什么是mock测试?

  在测试过程中,对于某些不容易构成或者不容易获取的对象,用一个虚拟的对象来创建以便测试的测试方法,就是Mock测试。

  Servlet、Request、Response等Servlet API相关对象本来就是由Servlet容器(Tomcat)创建的。

  这个虚拟的对象就是Mock对象。

  Mock对象是真实对象在调试期间的代替品。

为什么使用Mock测试?

  • 避免开发模块之间的耦合
  • 轻量、简单、灵活

MockMVC介绍

MockMvcBuilder

  他是用来构造MockMVC的构造器

  主要有两个实现:StandaloneMockMvcBuilder和DefaultMockMvcBuilder,分别对应之前的两种测试方式。

  我们直接使用静态工厂MockMvcBuilders创建即可。

MockMvcBuilders

  负责创建MockMvcBuilder对象

  有两种创建方式

    1、standaloneSetup(Object... controllers)

    2、webAppContextSetup(WebApplicationContext wac):指定WebApplicationContext,将会从该上下文获取相应的控制器并得到相应的MockMvc

MockMvc

  对于服务器端的Spring MVC测试支持主入口点。

  通过MockMvcBuilder构造

  MockMvcBuilder由MockMvcBuilders的静态方法去构造。

  核心方法:perform(RequestBuilder requestBuilder)---->执行一个RequestBuilder请求,会自动执行SpringMvc的流程并映射到相应的控制器执行处理,该方法的返回值是一个ResultActions;

ResultActions

andExpect

  添加ResultMatcher验证规则,验证控制器执行完成后结果是否正确。

andDo

  添加ResultHandler结果处理器,比如调试时打印结果到控制台;

andReturn

  最后返回相应的MvcResult;然后进行自定义验证/进行下一步的异步处理。

MockMvcRequestBuilders

  • 用来构造请求
  • 主要由两个子类MockHttpServletRequestBuilder和MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder(如文件上传),即用来Mock客户端请求需要的所有数据。

MockMvcResultMatchers

  • 用来匹配执行完请求后的结果验证
  • 如果匹配失败将抛出相应的异常
  • 包含了很多验证API方法

MockMvcResultHandlers

  • 结果处理器,表示要对结果做点什么事情
  • 比如此处使用MockMvcResultHandlers.print()输出整个相应结果信息。

MvcResult

  单元测试执行结果,可以针对执行结果进行自定义验证逻辑。

MocMvc的使用

添加依赖

<!-- spring 单元测试组件包 -->

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>

<version>5.0.7.RELEASE</version>

</dependency>

<!-- 单元测试Junit -->

<dependency>

<groupId>junit</groupId>

<artifactId>junit</artifactId>

<version>4.12</version>

</dependency>

测试类

TestMockMVC.java

package com.cyb.ssm.controller.test;

import org.junit.Before;

import org.junit.Test;

import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;

import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;

import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;

import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;

import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;

import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;

import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers;

import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;

import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;

import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

//@WebAppConfiguration:可以在单元测试的时候,不用启动Servlet容器,就可以获取一个Web应用上下文

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:spring/*.xml")

@WebAppConfiguration

public class TestMockMVC {

@Autowired

private WebApplicationContext wac;

private MockMvc mockMvc;

@Before

public void Setup() {

// 初始化一个MockMVC对象的方式有两种:单独设置、web应用上下文设置

// 建议使用web应用上下文设置

mockMvc = new MockMvcBuilders().webAppContextSetup(wac).build();

}

@Test

public void test() throws Exception {

// 通过perform去执行一个Http请求

// andExpect:通过该方法,判断请求执行是否成功

// andDo:对请求之后的结果,进行输出

MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/item/showEdit").param("id", "1"))

.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.view().name("item/item-edit"))

.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())

.andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())

.andReturn();

System.out.println("===============");

System.out.println(result.getHandler());

}

}

运行结果如下

JRE Oracle Corporation/13.0.1 is not supported, advanced source lookup disabled.

12月 12, 2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper getDefaultTestExecutionListenerClassNames

信息: Loaded default TestExecutionListener class names from location [META-INF/spring.factories]: [org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextBeforeModesTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener]

12月 12, 2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper getTestExecutionListeners

信息: Using TestExecutionListeners: [org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener@4470f8a6, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextBeforeModesTestExecutionListener@7c83dc97, org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@7748410a, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener@740773a3, org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener@37f1104d, org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener@55740540]

12月 12, 2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions

信息: Loading XML bean definitions from file [D:\JAVA\eclipse_setup\ssm-project\target\classes\spring\applicationContext-dao.xml]

12月 12, 2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions

信息: Loading XML bean definitions from file [D:\JAVA\eclipse_setup\ssm-project\target\classes\spring\applicationContext-service.xml]

12月 12, 2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions

信息: Loading XML bean definitions from file [D:\JAVA\eclipse_setup\ssm-project\target\classes\spring\applicationContext-tx.xml]

12月 12, 2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions

信息: Loading XML bean definitions from file [D:\JAVA\eclipse_setup\ssm-project\target\classes\spring\springmvc.xml]

12月 12, 2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh

信息: Refreshing org.springframework.web.context.support.GenericWebApplicationContext@50ad3bc1: startup date [Thu Dec 12 16:48:43 CST 2019]; root of context hierarchy

12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register

信息: Mapped "{[/item/updateItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public com.cyb.ssm.po.Item com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.updateItem(java.lang.Integer,java.lang.String,java.lang.Float,com.cyb.ssm.po.Item,org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile) throws java.lang.Exception

12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register

信息: Mapped "{[/item/testRedirect],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public java.lang.String com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.testRedirect(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)

12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register

信息: Mapped "{[/item/testForward],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public java.lang.String com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.testForward(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)

12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register

信息: Mapped "{[/item/findItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public java.lang.String com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.findItem(java.lang.Integer)

12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register

信息: Mapped "{[/item/queryItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.queryItem() throws com.cyb.ssm.exception.CustomException

12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register

信息: Mapped "{[/item/queryItem2],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public com.cyb.ssm.po.Item com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.queryItem2(com.cyb.ssm.po.ItemQueryVO)

12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register

信息: Mapped "{[/item/deleteItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public void com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.deleteItem(java.lang.String[])

12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register

信息: Mapped "{[/item/saveItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public java.util.Date com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.saveItem(java.util.Date)

12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register

信息: Mapped "{[/item/showEdit],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.showEdit(java.lang.Integer)

12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register

信息: Mapped "{[/item/batchUpdateItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public java.util.List<com.cyb.ssm.po.Item> com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.batchUpdateItem(com.cyb.ssm.po.ItemQueryVO)

12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register

信息: Mapped "{[/queryItemByIdWithRest]}" onto public com.cyb.ssm.po.Item com.cyb.ssm.controller.RestItemController.queryItemById()

12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter initControllerAdviceCache

信息: Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.web.context.support.GenericWebApplicationContext@50ad3bc1: startup date [Thu Dec 12 16:48:43 CST 2019]; root of context hierarchy

12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter initControllerAdviceCache

信息: Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.web.context.support.GenericWebApplicationContext@50ad3bc1: startup date [Thu Dec 12 16:48:43 CST 2019]; root of context hierarchy

12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.mock.web.MockServletContext log

信息: Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet ''

12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet initServletBean

信息: FrameworkServlet '': initialization started

12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet initServletBean

信息: FrameworkServlet '': initialization completed in 17 ms

com.cyb.ssm.po.Item@1ad9b8d3

MockHttpServletRequest:

HTTP Method = GET

Request URI = /item/showEdit

Parameters = {id=[1]}

Headers = {}

Body = <no character encoding set>

Session Attrs = {}

Handler:

Type = com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController

Method = public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.showEdit(java.lang.Integer)

Async:

Async started = false

Async result = null

Resolved Exception:

Type = null

ModelAndView:

View name = item/item-edit

View = null

Attribute = item

value = com.cyb.ssm.po.Item@1ad9b8d3

errors = []

FlashMap:

Attributes = null

MockHttpServletResponse:

Status = 200

Error message = null

Headers = {Content-Language=[en]}

Content type = null

Body =

Forwarded URL = /WEB-INF/jsp/item/item-edit.jsp

Redirected URL = null

Cookies = []

===============

public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.showEdit(java.lang.Integer)

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