详解Docker cpu限制分析

本文测试了,Docker容器限制cpu资源使用的几个配置参数。分别使用top和dstat命令分析了资源占有情况。

package main

import (

"flag"

"runtime"

"fmt"

)

func main() {

cpunum := flag.Int("cpunum", 0, "cpunum")

flag.Parse()

fmt.Println("cpunum:", *cpunum)

runtime.GOMAXPROCS(*cpunum)

for i := 0; i < *cpunum - 1; i++ {

go func() {

for {

}

}()

}

for {

}

}

制作了一个测试cpu占用的镜像,镜像默认占满1个核心

FROM busybox

COPY ./full_cpu /full_cpu

RUN chmod +x /full_cpu

ENTRYPOINT ["/full_cpu", "-cpunum"]

CMD ["1"]

docker build -t fangfenghua/cpuuseset .

docker push fangfenghua/cpuuseset

docker info

...

Default Runtime: runc

Security Options: seccomp

Kernel Version: 3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64

Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)

OSType: linux

Architecture: x86_64

CPUs: 4

Total Memory: 993.3 MiB

Name: localhost.localdomain

ID: TU6M:E6WM:PZDN:ULJX:EWKS:

...

docker run -it --rm=true fangfenghua/cpuuseset

[root@localhost src]# top

top - 07:23:52 up 1:23, 2 users, load average: 0.61, 1.12, 1.04

Tasks: 154 total, 3 running, 145 sleeping, 6 stopped, 0 zombie

%Cpu(s): 18.0 us, 0.1 sy, 0.0 ni, 81.8 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.1 si, 0.0 st

KiB Mem : 1017144 total, 422120 free, 171676 used, 423348 buff/cache

KiB Swap: 1040380 total, 1040284 free, 96 used. 688188 avail Mem

PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND

20196 root 20 0 3048 720 460 R 101.7 0.1 0:37.56 full_cpu

1 root 20 0 41536 4028 2380 S 0.0 0.4 0:02.60 systemd

2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.04 kthreadd

3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.48 ksoftirqd/0

5 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0H

7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.69 migration/0

docker run -it --rm=true fangfenghua/cpuuseset 4

top - 07:27:17 up 1:27, 2 users, load average: 2.41, 1.47, 1.18

Tasks: 159 total, 3 running, 145 sleeping, 11 stopped, 0 zombie

%Cpu(s): 99.6 us, 0.2 sy, 0.0 ni, 0.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.3 si, 0.0 st

KiB Mem : 1017144 total, 402508 free, 190908 used, 423728 buff/cache

KiB Swap: 1040380 total, 1040284 free, 96 used. 668608 avail Mem

PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND

20935 root 20 0 3048 720 452 R 400.0 0.1 0:55.80 full_cpu

1 root 20 0 41620 4088 2380 S 0.0 0.4 0:02.88 systemd

2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.04 kthreadd

在Linux 系统上,可以用来限制docker容器资源占用的参数有:

  • --cpu-period int              Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
  • --cpu-quota int               Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
  • -c, --cpu-shares int              CPU shares (relative weight)
  •  --cpuset-cpus string          CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)

docker提供了–cpu-period、–cpu-quota两个参数控制容器可以分配到的CPU时钟周期。–cpu-period是用来指定容器对CPU的使用要在多长时间内做一次重新分配,而–cpu-quota是用来指定在这个周期内,最多可以有多少时间用来跑这个容器。跟–cpu-shares不同的是这种配置是指定一个绝对值,而且没有弹性在里面,容器对CPU资源的使用绝对不会超过配置的值。

cpu-period和cpu-quota的单位为微秒(μs)。cpu-period的最小值为1000微秒,最大值为1秒(10^6 μs),默认值为0.1秒(100000 μs)。cpu-quota的值默认为-1,表示不做控制。

举个例子,如果容器进程需要每1秒使用单个CPU的0.2秒时间,可以将cpu-period设置为1000000(即1秒),cpu-quota设置为200000(0.2秒)。当然,在多核情况下,如果允许容器进程需要完全占用两个CPU,则可以将cpu-period设置为100000(即0.1秒),cpu-quota设置为200000(0.2秒)。

使用本文制作的容器镜像来测试,cpu-period和cpu-quota两个参数吧。

在本文使用的4核心系统中,如果希望cpuusetest占满两个核心,在如何配置呢?从上文的分析中可以看到,如果将cpu-period设置为100000,那么期望占满4个核心,则需要将cpu-quota设置为4*100000,期望占满一个核心则可设置为2*100000。下面就测试一下吧:

docker run --name cpuuse -d --cpu-period=100000 --cpu-quota=200000 fangfenghua/cpuusetest 4

top - 07:46:31 up 1:46, 2 users, load average: 0.16, 0.21, 0.51

Tasks: 168 total, 2 running, 142 sleeping, 24 stopped, 0 zombie

%Cpu(s): 47.8 us, 0.1 sy, 0.0 ni, 51.9 id, 0.1 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.1 si, 0.0 st

KiB Mem : 1017144 total, 364724 free, 227816 used, 424604 buff/cache

KiB Swap: 1040380 total, 1040284 free, 96 used. 631052 avail Mem

PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND

21766 root 20 0 3048 724 464 R 193.3 0.1 1:00.37 full_cpu

1 root 20 0 41620 4088 2380 S 0.0 0.4 0:03.13 systemd

2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 kthreadd

3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.52 ksoftir

top - 07:47:17 up 1:47, 2 users, load average: 0.47, 0.26, 0.51

Tasks: 172 total, 3 running, 144 sleeping, 25 stopped, 0 zombie

%Cpu(s): 99.6 us, 0.1 sy, 0.0 ni, 0.3 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.1 si, 0.0 st

KiB Mem : 1017144 total, 358760 free, 233292 used, 425092 buff/cache

KiB Swap: 1040380 total, 1040284 free, 96 used. 625180 avail Mem

docker run --name cpuuse -d --cpu-period=100000 --cpu-quota=400000 fangfenghua/cpuusetest 4

PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND

21976 root 20 0 3048 724 456 R 398.3 0.1 0:16.81 full_cpu

21297 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:00.08 kworker/0:2

1 root 20 0 41620 4088 2380 S 0.0 0.4 0:03.19 systemd

2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 kthreadd

使用上述两个参数可以,设置cpu的精确控制。还有一个参数cpu-share,是个相对值。假如设置A容器cpu-share为1536,设置B容器为512。那么,在容器B启动前,cpu占用情况为是什么呢?

top - 07:56:10 up 1:56, 2 users, load average: 0.75, 0.36, 0.50

Tasks: 153 total, 3 running, 140 sleeping, 10 stopped, 0 zombie

%Cpu(s): 99.7 us, 0.1 sy, 0.0 ni, 0.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.3 si, 0.0 st

KiB Mem : 1017144 total, 436300 free, 155616 used, 425228 buff/cache

KiB Swap: 1040380 total, 1040284 free, 96 used. 703544 avail Mem

PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND

22216 root 20 0 3048 720 456 R 399.3 0.1 0:55.03 full_cpu

1 root 20 0 41620 4088 2380 S 0.0 0.4 0:03.29 systemd

2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 kthreadd

3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.54 ksoftirqd/0

启动容器B:

top - 07:57:09 up 1:57, 2 users, load average: 3.55, 1.16, 0.76

Tasks: 162 total, 4 running, 148 sleeping, 10 stopped, 0 zombie

%Cpu(s): 99.6 us, 0.2 sy, 0.0 ni, 0.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.3 si, 0.0 st

KiB Mem : 1017144 total, 428772 free, 158304 used, 430068 buff/cache

KiB Swap: 1040380 total, 1040284 free, 96 used. 700444 avail Mem

PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND

22216 root 20 0 3048 720 456 R 305.7 0.1 4:40.78 full_cpu

22336 root 20 0 3048 720 460 R 95.3 0.1 0:09.02 full_cpu

1 root 20 0 41620 4088 2380 S 0.0 0.4 0:03.31 systemd

从上述测试结果不难看出。设置相对数值时,容器B启动之前,容器A仍然占满了cpu,而容器B启动后则,容器占3/4,容器B占1/4。

还有一个参数cpu-sets,指定容器使用的核心。使用上述测试容器测试,指定容器使用0,3核心:

docker run --name cpuuse -d --cpuset-cpus=0,3 fangfenghua/cpuusetest 4

0,3核心占用率:

[root@localhost src]# dstat -c -C 0,3

-------cpu0-usage--------------cpu3-usage------

usr sys idl wai hiq siq:usr sys idl wai hiq siq

25 9 66 0 0 0: 12 1 87 0 0 0

100 0 0 0 0 0:100 0 0 0 0 0

99 0 0 0 0 1:100 0 0 0 0 0

99 1 0 0 0 0: 99 1 0 0 0 0

100 0 0 0 0 0:100 0 0 0 0 0

100 0 0 0 0 0:100 0 0 0 0 0

1,2核心占用率:

[root@localhost src]# dstat -c -C 1,2

-------cpu1-usage--------------cpu2-usage------

usr sys idl wai hiq siq:usr sys idl wai hiq siq

21 8 71 0 0 0: 10 1 89 0 0 0

0 0 100 0 0 0: 0 0 100 0 0 0

0 0 100 0 0 0: 0 0 100 0 0 0

0 0 100 0 0 0: 0 0 100 0 0 0

0 0 100 0 0 0: 0 0 100 0 0 0

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