Python中使用bidict模块双向字典结构的奇技淫巧

快速入门

模块提供三个类来处理一对一映射类型的一些操作

'bidict', 'inverted', 'namedbidict'

>>> import bidict

>>> dir(bidict)

['MutableMapping', '_LEGALNAMEPAT', '_LEGALNAMERE', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', '__package__', 'bidict', 'inverted', 'namedbidict', 're', 'wraps']

1.bidict类: 

>>> from bidict import bidict

>>> D=bidict({'a':'b'})

>>> D['a']

'b'

>>> D[:'b']

'a'

>>> ~D #反转字典

bidict({'b': 'a'})

>>> dict(D) #转为普通字典

{'a': 'b'}

>>> D['c']='c' #添加元素,普通字典的方法都可以用

>>> D

bidict({'a': 'b', 'c': 'c'})

2.inverted类,反转字典的键值

>>> seq = [(1, 'one'), (2, 'two'), (3, 'three')]

>>> list(inverted(seq))

[('one', 1), ('two', 2), ('three', 3)]

3.namedbidict(mapname, fwdname, invname):

>>> CoupleMap = namedbidict('CoupleMap', 'husbands', 'wives')

>>> famous = CoupleMap({'bill': 'hillary'})

>>> famous.husbands['bill']

'hillary'

>>> famous.wives['hillary']

'bill'

>>> famous.husbands['barack'] = 'michelle'

>>> del famous.wives['hillary']

>>> famous

CoupleMap({'barack': 'michelle'})

更多内容

如果你不喜欢冒号的方式,可以使用namedbidict类给双向字典起2个别名。这样对外会提供正向和逆向的2个子字典。实际上还是以一个双向 字典的形式存在:

>>> HTMLEntities = namedbidict('HTMLEntities', 'names', 'codepoints')

>>> entities = HTMLEntities({'lt': 60, 'gt': 62, 'amp': 38}) # etc

>>> entities.names['lt']

60

>>> entities.codepoints[38]

'amp'

还可以使用一元的逆运算符"~"获取bidict逆映射字典。

>>> import bidict

>>> from bidict import bidict

>>> husbands2wives = bidict({'john': 'jackie'})

>>> ~husbands2wives

bidict({'jackie': 'john'})

以下情况注意添加括号,因为~的优先级低于中括号:

>>> import bidict

>>> from bidict import bidict

>>> husbands2wives = bidict({'john': 'jackie'})

>>> ~husbands2wives

bidict({'jackie': 'john'})

以下情况注意添加括号,因为~的优先级低于中括号:

>>> (~bi)['one']

1

bidict不是dict的子类,但它的API的是dict的超集(但没有fromkeys方法,改用了MutableMapping接 口)。

迭代器类inverted会翻转key和value,如:

>>> seq = [(1, 'one'), (2, 'two'), (3, 'three')]

>>> list(inverted(seq))

[('one', 1), ('two', 2), ('three', 3)]

bidict的invert()方法和inverted类似。依赖模块:collections中的MutableMapping,functools中的wraps,re。

bidict可以和字典进行比较

>>> bi == bidict({1:'one'})

>>> bi == dict([(1, 'one')])

True

其他字典通用的方法,bidict也支持:

>>> bi.get('one')

1

>>> bi.setdefault('one', 2)

1

>>> bi.setdefault('two', 2)

2

>>> len(bi) # calls __len__

2

>>> bi.pop('one')

1

>>> bi.popitem()

('two', 2)

>>> bi.inv.setdefault(3, 'three')

'three'

>>> bi

bidict({'three': 3})

>>> [key for key in bi] # calls __iter__, returns keys like dict

['three']

>>> 'three' in bi # calls __contains__

True

>>> list(bi.keys())

['three']

>>> list(bi.values())

[3]

>>> bi.update([('four', 4)])

>>> bi.update({'five': 5}, six=6, seven=7)

>>> sorted(bi.items(), key=lambda x: x[1])

[('three', 3), ('four', 4), ('five', 5), ('six', 6), ('seven', 7)]

以上是 Python中使用bidict模块双向字典结构的奇技淫巧 的全部内容, 来源链接: utcz.com/z/334026.html

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