这一次搞懂Spring事务注解的解析方式

前言

事务我们都知道是什么,而Spring事务就是在数据库之上利用AOP提供声明式事务和编程式事务帮助我们简化开发,解耦业务逻辑和系统逻辑。但是Spring事务原理是怎样?事务在方法间是如何传播的?为什么有时候事务会失效?接下来几篇文章将重点分析Spring事务源码,让我们彻底搞懂Spring事务的原理。

正文

XML标签的解析

<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>

配置过事务的应该都不陌生,上面这个配置就是Spring开启事务注解(@Transactional)支持的配置,而看过我之前文章的应该知道,这个带前缀的标签叫自定义标签,我在之前的文章也分析过自定义标签的解析过程,所以这里我直接找到对应的handler:

public class TxNamespaceHandler extends NamespaceHandlerSupport {

static final String TRANSACTION_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE = "transaction-manager";

static final String DEFAULT_TRANSACTION_MANAGER_BEAN_NAME = "transactionManager";

static String getTransactionManagerName(Element element) {

return (element.hasAttribute(TRANSACTION_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE) ?

element.getAttribute(TRANSACTION_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE) : DEFAULT_TRANSACTION_MANAGER_BEAN_NAME);

}

@Override

public void init() {

registerBeanDefinitionParser("advice", new TxAdviceBeanDefinitionParser());

registerBeanDefinitionParser("annotation-driven", new AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinitionParser());

registerBeanDefinitionParser("jta-transaction-manager", new JtaTransactionManagerBeanDefinitionParser());

}

}

可以看到对应的注解解析器就是AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinitionParser类,在该类中一定会有一个parse方法:

public BeanDefinition parse(Element element, ParserContext parserContext) {

registerTransactionalEventListenerFactory(parserContext);

String mode = element.getAttribute("mode");

if ("aspectj".equals(mode)) {

// mode="aspectj"

registerTransactionAspect(element, parserContext);

if (ClassUtils.isPresent("javax.transaction.Transactional", getClass().getClassLoader())) {

registerJtaTransactionAspect(element, parserContext);

}

}

else {

// mode="proxy"

AopAutoProxyConfigurer.configureAutoProxyCreator(element, parserContext);

}

return null;

}

首先拿到mode属性的值判断是使用AspectJ生成代理还是JDK生成代理,这里我们主要看proxy模式,进入configureAutoProxyCreator方法:

public static void configureAutoProxyCreator(Element element, ParserContext parserContext) {

// 注册AOP的入口类

AopNamespaceUtils.registerAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(parserContext, element);

String txAdvisorBeanName = TransactionManagementConfigUtils.TRANSACTION_ADVISOR_BEAN_NAME;

if (!parserContext.getRegistry().containsBeanDefinition(txAdvisorBeanName)) {

Object eleSource = parserContext.extractSource(element);

// Create the TransactionAttributeSource definition.

// @Transactional注解的属性封装

RootBeanDefinition sourceDef = new RootBeanDefinition(

"org.springframework.transaction.annotation.AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource");

sourceDef.setSource(eleSource);

sourceDef.setRole(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE);

String sourceName = parserContext.getReaderContext().registerWithGeneratedName(sourceDef);

// Create the TransactionInterceptor definition.

// AOP执行链

RootBeanDefinition interceptorDef = new RootBeanDefinition(TransactionInterceptor.class);

interceptorDef.setSource(eleSource);

interceptorDef.setRole(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE);

// 拿到transaction-manager属性的值

registerTransactionManager(element, interceptorDef);

interceptorDef.getPropertyValues().add("transactionAttributeSource", new RuntimeBeanReference(sourceName));

String interceptorName = parserContext.getReaderContext().registerWithGeneratedName(interceptorDef);

// Create the TransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor definition.

RootBeanDefinition advisorDef = new RootBeanDefinition(BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor.class);

advisorDef.setSource(eleSource);

advisorDef.setRole(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE);

advisorDef.getPropertyValues().add("transactionAttributeSource", new RuntimeBeanReference(sourceName));

advisorDef.getPropertyValues().add("adviceBeanName", interceptorName);

if (element.hasAttribute("order")) {

advisorDef.getPropertyValues().add("order", element.getAttribute("order"));

}

parserContext.getRegistry().registerBeanDefinition(txAdvisorBeanName, advisorDef);

CompositeComponentDefinition compositeDef = new CompositeComponentDefinition(element.getTagName(), eleSource);

compositeDef.addNestedComponent(new BeanComponentDefinition(sourceDef, sourceName));

compositeDef.addNestedComponent(new BeanComponentDefinition(interceptorDef, interceptorName));

compositeDef.addNestedComponent(new BeanComponentDefinition(advisorDef, txAdvisorBeanName));

parserContext.registerComponent(compositeDef);

}

}

这里的流程比较长,但逻辑很简单。首先来看注册事务AOP入口类是哪个:

public static void registerAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(

ParserContext parserContext, Element sourceElement) {

// 将优先级更高的AOP入口类放入到IOC容器中

BeanDefinition beanDefinition = AopConfigUtils.registerAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(

parserContext.getRegistry(), parserContext.extractSource(sourceElement));

// 设置代理生成的方式以及是否缓存代理类到当前线程

useClassProxyingIfNecessary(parserContext.getRegistry(), sourceElement);

registerComponentIfNecessary(beanDefinition, parserContext);

}

主要看registerAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary方法:

public static BeanDefinition registerAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(

BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, @Nullable Object source) {

return registerOrEscalateApcAsRequired(InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.class, registry, source);

}

private static BeanDefinition registerOrEscalateApcAsRequired(

Class<?> cls, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, @Nullable Object source) {

Assert.notNull(registry, "BeanDefinitionRegistry must not be null");

// 判断传进来的类和ICO中当前存在的类哪个优先级更高,将更高的放入IOC中

if (registry.containsBeanDefinition(AUTO_PROXY_CREATOR_BEAN_NAME)) {

BeanDefinition apcDefinition = registry.getBeanDefinition(AUTO_PROXY_CREATOR_BEAN_NAME);

if (!cls.getName().equals(apcDefinition.getBeanClassName())) {

int currentPriority = findPriorityForClass(apcDefinition.getBeanClassName());

int requiredPriority = findPriorityForClass(cls);

if (currentPriority < requiredPriority) {

apcDefinition.setBeanClassName(cls.getName());

}

}

return null;

}

//把AOP入口类封装成beanDefinition对象,要实例化

RootBeanDefinition beanDefinition = new RootBeanDefinition(cls);

beanDefinition.setSource(source);

beanDefinition.getPropertyValues().add("order", Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE);

beanDefinition.setRole(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE);

//注解aop入口类的beanName名称 AopConfigUtils.AUTO_PROXY_CREATOR_BEAN_NAME

registry.registerBeanDefinition(AUTO_PROXY_CREATOR_BEAN_NAME, beanDefinition);

return beanDefinition;

}

首先判断容器中是否已经存在AOP入口类,如果不存在则直接创建InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator的BeanDefinition对象注册到容器中,这个类也是我上一篇文章分析的AOP入口类AbstractAutoProxyCreator的子类,再来看看其继承关系:

你会不会疑惑,这么多子类,到底会使用哪一个呢?回到刚刚的代码中,可以看到如果已经存在一个入口类了,就会通过findPriorityForClass获取两个类的优先级,最终就会使用优先级更大的那个,那么它们的优先级顺序是怎样的呢?

private static final List<Class<?>> APC_PRIORITY_LIST = new ArrayList<>(3);

static {

// Set up the escalation list...

APC_PRIORITY_LIST.add(InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.class);

APC_PRIORITY_LIST.add(AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.class);

APC_PRIORITY_LIST.add(AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator.class);

}

private static int findPriorityForClass(@Nullable String className) {

// 索引即是优先级,越大优先级越高,IOC中只会存在一个事务AOP入口类

for (int i = 0; i < APC_PRIORITY_LIST.size(); i++) {

Class<?> clazz = APC_PRIORITY_LIST.get(i);

if (clazz.getName().equals(className)) {

return i;

}

}

throw new IllegalArgumentException(

"Class name [" + className + "] is not a known auto-proxy creator class");

}

可以看到,InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator是优先级最低的,基本上不会起作用;AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator是当我们配置了<aop:config>标签时会注册,也就是xml配置的AOP的入口类;而AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator是当我们配置了<aop:aspectj-autoproxy>或使用@EnableAspectJAutoProxy注解时注册,因此大部分情况下都是使用的AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator。

注册完AOP的入口类后,回到configureAutoProxyCreator方法:

RootBeanDefinition sourceDef = new RootBeanDefinition(

"org.springframework.transaction.annotation.AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource");

sourceDef.setSource(eleSource);

sourceDef.setRole(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE);

String sourceName =parserContext.getReaderContext().registerWithGeneratedName(sourceDef);

AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource类的作用就是封装事务注解@Transactional的属性,这里需要记住其继承体系以及熟悉该类和其父类的属性和方法,对后面分析事物切面执行原理有帮助:

紧接着就是创建了TransactionInterceptor对象,专门的事务拦截器,并且该类是MethodInterceptor的子类,看到这个应该不陌生了,我们知道AOP调用链在执行过程中主要就是调用该类的invoke的方法,因此它是事务切面执行的入口。既然有了Interceptor,那么必不可少的还应该有Advisor,而Advisor又是由Advice和Poincut组成的,这样才能构成一个完整的切面,所以该方法后面就是创建这两个对象。以上就是xml配置AOP注解支持的原理,很简单,下面再来看看零配置又是如何实现的。

AOP零配置原理

使用过SpringBoot的都知道,如果需要开启事务注解的支持,只需要一个注解就能搞定:@EnableTransactionManagement,不用再配置xml文件,这个又是怎么做到的呢?不多说,我们直接来看其源码:

@Import(TransactionManagementConfigurationSelector.class)

public @interface EnableTransactionManagement {

boolean proxyTargetClass() default false;

AdviceMode mode() default AdviceMode.PROXY;

int order() default Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE;

}

在该注解下使用@Import导入了一个类TransactionManagementConfigurationSelector,首先该注解的作用就是导入一个类的实例到IOC容器中,你可能会说不是在类上加@Component注解就行了么,但是有些类它并不在你扫描的路径下,而该注解依然可以将其导入进来,所以我么主要看TransactionManagementConfigurationSelector类中做了些啥:

public class TransactionManagementConfigurationSelector extends AdviceModeImportSelector<EnableTransactionManagement> {

@Override

protected String[] selectImports(AdviceMode adviceMode) {

switch (adviceMode) {

case PROXY:

return new String[] {AutoProxyRegistrar.class.getName(),

ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration.class.getName()};

case ASPECTJ:

return new String[] {determineTransactionAspectClass()};

default:

return null;

}

}

private String determineTransactionAspectClass() {

return (ClassUtils.isPresent("javax.transaction.Transactional", getClass().getClassLoader()) ?

TransactionManagementConfigUtils.JTA_TRANSACTION_ASPECT_CONFIGURATION_CLASS_NAME :

TransactionManagementConfigUtils.TRANSACTION_ASPECT_CONFIGURATION_CLASS_NAME);

}

}

可以看到在selectImports方法中返回了AutoProxyRegistrar和ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration类,返回后会被封装为BeanDefinition对象,那这个方法是在哪里调用的呢?这个在之前的文章中也分析过,ConfigurationClassPostProcessor类中会调用ConfigurationClassParser类的parse方法解析@Configuration、@Import、@ImportSource等注解,具体过程这里就不再赘述了。我们继续来分别看看AutoProxyRegistrar和ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration类:

public class AutoProxyRegistrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar {

private final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());

@Override

public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {

boolean candidateFound = false;

Set<String> annoTypes = importingClassMetadata.getAnnotationTypes();

for (String annoType : annoTypes) {

AnnotationAttributes candidate = AnnotationConfigUtils.attributesFor(importingClassMetadata, annoType);

if (candidate == null) {

continue;

}

Object mode = candidate.get("mode");

Object proxyTargetClass = candidate.get("proxyTargetClass");

if (mode != null && proxyTargetClass != null && AdviceMode.class == mode.getClass() &&

Boolean.class == proxyTargetClass.getClass()) {

candidateFound = true;

if (mode == AdviceMode.PROXY) {

//注册事务AOP的入口类InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator,实际上这个AOP入口类起不了作用

AopConfigUtils.registerAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(registry);

if ((Boolean) proxyTargetClass) {

AopConfigUtils.forceAutoProxyCreatorToUseClassProxying(registry);

return;

}

}

}

}

}

}

public class ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration extends AbstractTransactionManagementConfiguration {

/*

* 明显是创建事务切面实例

* BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor

*

* */

@Bean(name = TransactionManagementConfigUtils.TRANSACTION_ADVISOR_BEAN_NAME)

@Role(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE)

public BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor transactionAdvisor() {

BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor advisor = new BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor();

advisor.setTransactionAttributeSource(transactionAttributeSource());

//设置通知类

advisor.setAdvice(transactionInterceptor());

if (this.enableTx != null) {

advisor.setOrder(this.enableTx.<Integer>getNumber("order"));

}

return advisor;

}

@Bean

@Role(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE)

public TransactionAttributeSource transactionAttributeSource() {

return new AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource();

}

/*

* 创建事务advice

* TransactionInterceptor

* */

@Bean

@Role(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE)

public TransactionInterceptor transactionInterceptor() {

TransactionInterceptor interceptor = new TransactionInterceptor();

interceptor.setTransactionAttributeSource(transactionAttributeSource());

//事务管理器要跟数据源挂钩,所以需要自己定义

if (this.txManager != null) {

interceptor.setTransactionManager(this.txManager);

}

return interceptor;

}

}

看到这就很清楚了,前者是注册AOP的入口类(这里注册的入口类依然是InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator),后者则是创建事务AOP的组件的实例到IOC中,到这里相信不仅仅是对于事务的零配置,而是整个SpringBoot的零配置实现原理都心中有数了。

总结

本篇结合之前所学分析了事务配置解析的原理,也带出了SpringBoot零配置实现的原理,下一篇就是事务的执行调用过程。我们需要在脑海将加载、解析和调用串联起来,从微观到宏观整体把握Spring,才能真正的理解Spring。

以上这篇这一次搞懂Spring事务注解的解析方式就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持。

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